1961-2016年黑龙江省极端气温事件变化特征
尹明丽1, 徐华君1, 赵国永2, 韩 艳2

(1.新疆大学 资源与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046; 2.信阳师范学院 地理科学学院, 河南 信阳 464000)

黑龙江省; 极端气温; 突变

Characteristics of Extreme Temperature Events in Heilongjiang Province in the Period 1961-2016
YIN Mingli1, XU Huajun1, ZHAO Guoyong2, HAN Yan2

(1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; 2.College of Geography, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China)

Heilongjiang Province; extreme temperature; mutation

备注

为了分析黑龙江地区对全球变暖的响应,运用Mann-Kendall检验、Morlet复小波分析以及反距离加权插值法,研究了1961—2016年黑龙江省27个气象站的16个极端气温指数变化特征。结果 表明:(1)近56年,黑龙江省极端气温指数呈显著暖化趋势,且与日最低气温相关指数暖化趋势最显著(TN10p,FD0和TN90p); 27个站点极端气温指数均呈暖化趋势,说明黑龙江省极端气温指数在时间和空间上均呈暖化趋势。其中,暖化趋势最为显著的是漠河、孙吴等地;(2)大部分指数约1980s中后期—1990s中期发生暖化突变。(3)日最低温均值大约存在5～6 a,8～10 a,13～15 a,18～25 a共4个尺度的周期变化,其中主周期为20 a; 日最高温均值大约存在4～8 a,13～18 a,25～30 a共3个尺度的周期变化,经历了高—低—高—低等7个循环交替,说明未来2～3 a日最高温均值继续增加。(4)相对指数与纬度的相关性普遍较高; 绝对指数和其他指数与纬度的相关性不明显; 极值指数中TXx与纬度的相关性较高; 所有指数与经度和海拔高度的相关性不显著。

In order to analyze the response of Heilongjiang Province to global warming, the variation characteristics of 16 extreme temperature indexes of 27 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1961 to 2016 were analyzed by employing Mann-Kendall test, Morlet complex wavelet analysis and inverse distance weighted interpolation. The results showed that:(1)the extreme temperature index in Heilongjiang Province presented the significant warming trend in recent 56 years, and the index related to the daily minimum temperature showed the most significant warming trend(TN10p, FD0 and TN90p); in terms of space, the extreme temperature indexes of 27 stations in Heilongjiang Province showed the warming trend in recent 56 years, indicating that the extreme temperature indexes of Heilongjiang Province showed a warming trend in time and space, among them, the most significant warming trend was found in Mohe City, Sunwu County and other places;(2)most indices showed the sudden warming in the mid-to-late 1980s and mid-1990s;(3)the mean value of the daily lowest temperature varied in four scales: 5～6 years, 8～10 years, 13～15 years and 18～25 years, among which the main period is 20 years. The mean value of the daily maximum temperature was about 4～8 years, 13～18 years and 25～30 years, and experienced 7 cycles of high-low-high-low pattern, indicating that the mean value of the daily maximum temperature continued to increase in the future 2～3 years;(4)the correlation between the relative index and latitude was generally high; the correlation between absolute index and other index and latitude was not obvious; in the extreme value index, TXx had a higher correlation with latitude; the correlations between all the indices and longitude or altitude was not significant.