为了更精确地评估山地生态系统,降水栅格数据的获取显得尤为重要。基于澳大利亚专业气象插值软件Anusplin,以秦岭1959—2015年31个气象站点的降雨资料为基础,获得秦岭地区降水栅格数据以揭示秦岭地区降水的时空变化规律。结果 表明:(1)秦岭地区年均降水的变化范围为545.44～1 155.46 mm,平均降雨量为824.76 mm; 南坡平均降雨量为847.37 mm,北坡平均降雨量为737.25 mm,南北坡平均降水差异为110.12 mm; 秦岭山地四季平均降水量大小依次为:夏(403.76 mm)>秋(237.26 mm)>春(169.11 mm)>冬(25.62 mm),且南坡降水大于北坡降水。(2)1959—2015年秦岭地区年均降水变化率为-3.02～0.83 mm/10 a,并未通过显著性检验,降水减少区域主要在秦岭主峰太白山和秦岭南坡的安康等地,平均海拔分布在1 177 m; 而降水增多发生地主要在秦岭南坡的略阳、商南和石泉等地,平均海拔分布在811 m。其中秦岭地区东部商南地区变化率最大,达到0.83 mm/10 a。
In order to evaluate the ecosystem in mountainous area precisely, the acquisition of precipitation grid data is particularly important. By using the data of precipitation in 31 meteorological stations in Qinling area from 1959—2015, the spatial-temporal variation of precipitation in Qinling region was studied based on the precipitation data interpolated by the professional meteorological interpolation software named Anusplin and made from Australia. The results were as follows. The change range of annual precipitation was 545.44 mm to 1 155.46 mm, and average rainfall was 824.76 mm. The average rainfall was 847.37 mm in the southern slope and 737.25 mm in the northern slope, and the difference of average precipitation between north and south slopes is 110.12 mm. The average precipitation in the four seasons in Qinling Mountains decreased in the order: summer(403.76 mm)>autumn(237.26 mm)>spring(169.11 mm)>winter(25.62 mm), and the precipitation in the southern slope was greater than that in the northern slope. Range of annual precipitation change rate was -3.02 mm/decade to 0.83 mm/decade in Qinling area from 1959 to 2015, and the regions with precipitation reduction mainly distributed in Taibai Mountain,which is the peak of Qinling Mountains and in Ankang in the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains, and the average elevation of these region is 1 177 m, while the regions with increased precipitation mainly distributed in the southern region of Qinling Mountains, Lueyang, Shangnan and Shiquan counties, and the average elevation of these regions is 811 m. The largest change rate reaching up to 0.83 mm/decade was found in Shangnan in the eastern part of Qinling Mountains.
