通过探究近10年巴音河流域土地利用变化特征,了解该流域土地利用时空演变规律,为评估社会经济对其所产生的影响提供科学依据。基于2006年、2011年、2016年Landsat TM遥感影像,利用GIS,RS技术手段及主成分分析等方法,定量研究了巴音河流域土地利用时空变化特征,定性分析了引起土地利用变化的驱动因素力。结果 表明:(1)2006—2016年,巴音河流域耕地、裸地、盐碱地面积分别减少0.56%,2.8%,5.32%,水域、居民地、林地、草地面积分别上升1.43%,6.24%,0.09%,3.11%;(2)2006—2011年84.14 km2的耕地转化为裸地及草地。2011—2016年,居民建设用地面积增长12.83 km2,主要来源于裸地及草地,草地转林地的面积是林地转草地面积的2.2倍;(3)2006—2016年巴音河流域土地利用处于合理开发状态,2011年后土地利用程度综合指数的变化量仅为1.58,土地压力得以缓解;(4)巴音河流域土地利用格局的转变主要受人口增长、地区产业结构改变及政府政策强制性实施等因素的影响。近10年来巴音河流域土地利用变化是一个交替扩张和缩减的过程,但土地均处于合理开发利用状态,社会经济活动作为主要驱动力极大地影响着土地利用的演变过程。因此,在未来发展过程中如何协调处理好土地利用与社会经济之间的关系尤为重要。
By exploring the characteristics of land use change and the spatial evolution of Bayin River Basin in the past 10 years, we aim to provide the scientific basis for assessing the impact of social economy in this area. Based on Landsat TM remote sensing images in 2006, 2011 and 2016, the spatial and temporal change characteristics and driving forces of land uses in the study area were analyzed by using GIS, RS technology and principal component analysis. The results showed that:(1)from 2006 to 2016, the areas of cultivated land, bare land and saline-alkali land decreased by 0.56%, 2.8% and 5.32%, respectively, while the areas of water, residential land, forestland and grassland increased by 1.43%, 6.24%, 0.09% and 3.11%, respectively;(2)from 2006 to 2011, 84.14 km2 of cultivated land was converted into bare land and grassland; from 2011 to 2016, the area of residential construction land increased by 12.83 km2, which derived from bare land and grassland; the area of conversion of grassland to forest land was 2.2 times that of conversion of woodland to grassland;(3)from 2006 to 2016, the land uses in the Bayin River Basin were in the rational condition of development, and the change of the comprehensive index of land use degree was only 1.58 after 2011, which relieved the pressure of land use;(4)the changes of land use patterns in the Bayin River Basin were mainly affected by population growth, changed in regional industrial structure and mandatory implementation of government policies. The land use change of the Bayin River Basin in the past 10 years was a process of alternate expansion and reduction, but the land was in a state of rational development and utilization. As the main driving force, the social economic activities greatly influenced the evolution process of land uses. Therefore, how to coordinate and deal with the relationship between land uses and social economy in the future development process is particularly important.
