土壤水分调控对南疆滴灌棉花产量及土壤水盐分布的影响

(西北农林科技大学 旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室/西北农林科技大学 中国旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西 杨凌 712100)

水分调控; 灌水下限; 膜下滴灌; 水盐运移; 棉花产量; 灌溉制度

Effects of Soil Water Regulation on Cotton Yield and Soil Water-Salt Distribution Under Drip Irrigation in Southern Xinjiang
HE Pingru, ZHANG Fucang, HOU Xianghao, LIU Lanjiao, MENG Xiaochen, ZHANG Chenyang, CHENG Houliang

(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education/Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)

water regulation; irrigation lower limit; mulched drip irrigation; water and salt migration; cotton yield; irrigation system

备注

针对南疆地区水资源短缺、土壤盐渍化严重等问题,研究生育期土壤水分调控对膜下滴灌棉花土壤水盐分布、盐分积累及棉花产量的影响,确定适宜于南疆地区的灌溉制度。以田间持水量(FC)为土壤水分上限,设置5个土壤水分下限处理,分别为85%FC(T1),75%FC(T2),65%FC(T3),55%FC(T4)和45%FC(T5)。结果 表明:灌水后,水平方向随着距滴灌带距离的增加,土壤含水率逐渐变小,表现为带下>窄行>宽行>裸地,土壤含盐率呈相反的规律分布。土壤水分下限定越高,灌水越频繁,土壤剖面有较高的水分含量和较低的盐分积累,棉花产量较高; 土壤水分下限较低时,由于较高的次灌水量,可将较多的盐分淋洗出作物根区,但灌水频率低,灌溉定额小,棉花产量较低。在生育期末各处理在膜内膜外均积盐,膜内积盐少于膜外,主根区积盐量大于次根区积盐量,盐分积累总量呈现T3>T5,T1>T2,T4。建议南疆棉花膜下滴灌的适宜土壤水分下限为75%FC,非生育期冬灌定额为300 mm,生育期灌溉定额为334 mm,整个生育期灌水12次。

Considering the shortage of water resources and serious soil salinization in southern Xinjiang, the effects of soil water regulation on soil water-salt distribution, salt accumulation and cotton yield under mulched drip irrigation were determined, while FC, the field capacity, was used as the upper limit of soil water, five soil water lower limit levels were set as 85% FC(T1), 75% FC(T2), 65% FC(T3), 55% FC(T4)and 45% FC(T5), respectively. The results showed that, after irrigation, the soil water content gradually decreased with the increase of the distance from the drip irrigation belt, showing as belt >narrow row>wide row>bare land, while the soil salt content was in the opposite law. When the soil water lower limits was high, the more frequent the irrigation, the higher the soil moisture content and the lower salt accumulation, lead to high cotton yield. When it was low, more salt can be washed out of the crop root zone due to the higher secondary irrigation amount, but the irrigation frequency was low, the irrigation total amount was small, caused the cotton yield was low. At the end of the growth period, the salt in the film and outside the film are all accumulated. The salt accumulated in the film was less than that outside the film and the salt content in the main root zone was larger than that in the secondary root zone. The total salt accumulation showed as T3>T5, T1>T2, T4. The soil water lower limit of cotton under mulched drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang is suggested to be 75% FC, and winter irrigation is carried out during non-growing period with the quota of 300 mm, the irrigation quota for growth period is 334 mm, and 12 times irrigation in the whole growth period.