基于遥感生态指数模型的阜康市生态环境动态变化监测与评价
茹克亚·萨吾提1,2, 阿不都艾尼·阿不里1,2,3,5,李 虎4, 尼加提·卡斯木1,2, 李晓航1,2

(1.新疆大学 资源与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046; 2.新疆绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830046; 3.新疆大学 干旱生态环境研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830046; 4.新疆卫星应用工程中心, 乌鲁木齐 830000; 5.新疆大学 生态学博士后流动站, 乌鲁木齐 830046)

生态遥感指数; 动态变化; 主成分分析; 阜康市

Dynamic Monitoring and Analysis of Ecological Environment in Fukang City Based on RSEI Model
RUKEYA·Sawut1,2, ABUDUHENI·Abliz1,2,3,5, LI Hu4, NIJAT·Kasim1,2, LI Xiaohang1,2

(1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; 3.Institute of Arid Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; 4.Xinjiang Engineering Center of Satellite Applications, Urumqi 83 000, China; 5.Ecological Postdoctoral Research Station, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

ecological remote sensing index; dynamic change; principal component analysis; Fukang City

备注

城市化进程不断加快引起生态环境问题,利用遥感技术及时、快速、客观、定量评价区域生态环境变化显得尤为重要。选取2000年、2008年、2016年Landsat(TM/OLI)系列遥感影像,提取绿度(NDVI)、湿度(WET)、干度(NDBSI)和热度(LST)4个重要指标,基于主成分分析法计算遥感生态指数(RSEI),对阜康市16年以来的生态环境质量变化进行监测与评价。结果 表明:从2000—2008年阜康市的生态环境质量逐渐下降,在这8年期间生态环境转差的区域面积达到了849.35 km2,约占总面积的25.72%; 且以2008—2016年期间生态环境质量下降幅度为最大,环境质量转差的区域面积增长到1 601.41 km2比前8年增长了2倍,约占总面积的48.49%,而环境质量转好的只占了13.06%。2000—2016年阜康市的生态环境质量快速下降,环境质量变差的区域面积已达到1 757.93 km2,阜康市环境质量转好的区域面积保持下降趋势,约占总面积的8.98%,而质量转差的区域逐步增加,约占总面积的53.23%。在空间上,生态条件变差的地点主要分布在郊区中部和北部地区。生态环境好转的主要区域分布在一些新增的城区基础设施和一些规模较大的房地产开发新区,而中部耕地周边生态环境变化较小。该城市生态环境质量下降原因分析可知,干旱等自然条件下超负荷开发活动是导致生态环境质量恶化的一个重要因素。

For making timely, quick, it is very important to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the regional environmental changes caused by rapid urbanization by using remote sensing techniques. In this paper, Landsat(TM/OLI)imagery was selected as a main data, and vegetation index(NDVI), wetness index(WET), build-up and soil index(NDBSI), land surface temperature(LST)were calculated on the bases of the remote sensing data(TM/OLI). Principal component analysis was employed to calculate the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)and environmental quality changes of Fukang City from 2000 to 2016 were monitored and evaluated. The results showed that the ecological quality of Fukang City from 2000—2008 decreased rapidly, and the low-grade RSEI area reached 849.35 km2, and make up 25.72% of the total area; from 2008 to 2016, environment quality of Fukang City fell down at a large scale, the low-grade RSEI area increased by 1 601.41 km2, and increased two times compared with that in the previous 8 years, and took account of 48.49%, whereas the high-grade RSEI area was only 13.06% of the total area; from 2000—2016, ecological environment quality of Fukang City decreased rapidly, the low-grade RSEI area reached to 1 757.93 km2, and counted for 53.23% of total area; the low-grade RSEI area mostly distributed in central and northern parts of the study area in terms of special distribution, the low-grade RSEI area mainly distributed in the new development area, and the change of ecological environment quality of arable land situated in central part and its outside was slight. From comparison of four indices devotion rate in RSEI model, it can be seen that vegetation index(NDVI)of ecological indices showed the largest contribution rates and witness index showed smallest contribution among the 4 indices, which illustrated that arid area excessive anthropogenic activities are the vital factor on degradation of the region environment quality.