北京市延庆区生态系统生产总值核算及空间化
牟雪洁, 王夏晖, 张 箫, 饶 胜, 朱振肖

(生态环境部 环境规划院, 北京 100012)

生态系统生产总值; 生态系统服务; 空间化

Accounting and Mapping of Gross Ecosystem Product in Yanqing District, Beijing
MOU Xuejie, WANG Xiahui, ZHANG Xiao, RAO Sheng, ZHU Zhenxiao

(Chinese Academy of environmental planning, Beijing 100012, China)

gross ecosystem product; ecosystem services; mapping.

备注

延庆区是北京市的生态涵养区之一,持续为北京市及周边地区提供生态系统产品和服务,具有重要生态价值。运用市场价值法、影子工程法、替代成本法、旅行费用法、支付意愿法等方法,对延庆区2016年生态系统产品供给、调节服务、文化服务3大类17项服务功能进行了核算,利用不同乡镇、不同类型生态系统单位面积价值进行了空间化研究。结果 表明:(1)2016年,延庆区生态系统生产总值(GEP)为335.63亿元,其中调节服务价值最高,占比为91.4%; 产品供给和文化服务价值相对较低,占比分别为3.8%,4.8%;(2)从不同生态系统服务类型看,生命维护和栖息地保护价值最高,为146.0亿元,占GEP比例为43.5%,其次为气候调节、土壤保持、固碳释氧、水源涵养等,占GEP比例分别为15.8%,12.1%,10.0%,5.4%,上述5项服务价值量之和占GEP的86.8%;(3)从不同生态系统类型看,森林>湿地>农田>草地>城镇>裸地,其中森林生态系统生产总值最高,为268.79亿元,占比为80.1%; 其次为湿地、农田,占比分别为10.9%,7.8%;(4)从单位面积价值量看,湿地>森林>农田>草地>裸地>城镇,湿地单位面积价值为1.18亿元/km2,分别是森林和农田类型的5.9倍、16.8倍;(5)GEP的供给与需求在空间上不匹配,人口较为集聚的平原地区是生态系统服务的主要需求区,但GEP相对较低; 人口较少的山区为GEP主要供给区。

Yanqing District is one of the ecological conservation areas in Beijing, and provids ecosystem goods and services for Beijing and surrounding areas continuously, which has important ecological value. In this paper, multiple methods such as market value, shadow engineering, replacement cost, travel cost, willingness to pay were used to value the ecosystem product supplies, regulating and cultural services of Yanqing District in 2016, which includes 17 services. And value mapping was conducted based on the value per unit area of different towns and villages and different types of ecosystem. The results showed that:(1)gross ecosystem product(GEP)of Yanqing District in 2016 was 33.563 billion Yuan, among which the regulating service value was the highest, accounting for 91.4% of the GEP; value of product supplies and cultural service were relatively low, accounting for 3.8%, 4.8% respectively;(2)from the aspect of different ecosystem services, value of life maintenance and habitat protection was the highest, which was 14.6 billion Yuan, accounting for 43.5% of the GEP, followed by climate regulation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, water conservation, accounting for 15.8%, 12.1%, 10.0%,5.4%, respectively; the sum of four service values mentioned above accounted for 81.4% of the GEP in Yanqing;(3)from the aspect of different ecosystem types, GEP decreased in the order: forest>wetland>farmland>grassland>city> bare land; the value of forest ecosystem was the highest, which was 26.879 billion Yuan, accounting for 80.1% of the GEP; wetland and farmland accounted for 10.9% and 7.8%, respectively;(4)value per unit area decreased in the sequence: wetland>forest>farmland>grassland>bare land>city, the value of wetland per unit area was the highest, which was 118 million Yuan/km2, and was 5.9 times of that of forest and 16.8 times of that of farmland;(5)the supply and demand of GEP did not match in space, which means that plain areas with relatively concentrated population were the main demand areas for ecosystem services, while the mountainous areas were main supply areas of GEP.