土地利用类型的改变是影响区域碳排放量的重要因素,土地利用类型的开发不当会影响当地碳平衡。采用2000—2016年宁夏的土地利用类型数据和能源消费数据,通过构建碳排放模型及计算相关指数,对宁夏16年来不同土地利用碳排放效应进行了分析。结果 表明:(1)宁夏土地利用的碳排放量呈显著增加趋势,增长率达到了199.11%,但在2012年后增速变缓。(2)2000—2002年宁夏最大碳源是耕地,2002—2016年宁夏最大碳源是建设用地,宁夏最大的碳汇是林地,林地增加的碳吸收量小于建设用地增加的碳排放量,建设用地的增加是碳排放的主要因素。(3)土地利用碳排放风险指数呈每年增长的趋势,在2012年后增速变缓。碳排放压力指数在2012年达到峰值以后下降。说明宁夏在2012年以后在经济发展过程中节能减排的效果显著,与生态的关系好转。(4)宁夏的减排重点在减少建设用地与耕地的碳排放的同时,加大林地与牧草地的覆盖率,提高其碳吸收能力。
The change of land use is the main factor influencing the regional carbon emission, the inappropriate development of the land use will break the local carbon balance. This paper analyzes the carbon emission effect for the different land uses in Ningxia in the past 16 years on the basis of the land use data and energy consumption data of Ningxia from 2000 to 2016. The results show that:(1)the carbon emission of the land use in Ningxia increased, and the increasing rate reaches to 199.11%, while the increasing level is getting slower after year of 2012;(2)from 2000 to 2002, the largest carbon source was farm land in Ningxia; from 2002 to 2016, the largest carbon source was construction land in Ningxia; the largest carbon sink is woodland, the increased carbon absorption of woodland was less than the increased carbon emission of construction land, and the increase of the construction land is the main factor causing carbon commission;(3)the index of carbon emission by land use increased every year, and the increasing level was getting slower after year of 2012; the index of carbon emission pressure declined in 2012 after reaching the peak value, showing that the energy conservation and emission reduction had the positive effect on the environment in the process of economic development after year of 2012;(4)the key point of carbon emission reduction in Ningxia is to increase the coverage rate of woodlands and grazing land and improve the carbon absorption ability greatly when reducing the carbon emission of construction land and farm land.
