1964-2017年南盘江流域主要极端气候事件时空演变特征

(1.云南省环境科学研究院, 昆明 650034; 2.云南省水利水电科学研究院, 昆明 650228; 3.云南省气象局, 昆明 650034)

极端气温; 极端降水; 时空演变; 突变分析; 南盘江流域

Analysis Temporal and Spatial Changes of Extreme Climatic Events in Nanpan River Basin from 1964 to 2017
CHAI Suying1, CAO Yan2, DOU Xiaodong3, ZHANG Xingzi1

(1.Yunnan Institute of Environmental Science, Kunming 650034, China; 2.Yunnan Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Kunming 650228, China; 3.Yunnan Meteorological Service, Kunming 650034, China)

extreme temperature; extreme precipitation; temporal and spatial characteristics; Mann-Kendall test; Nanpan River Basin

备注

根据1964—2017年南盘江流域25个气象站点逐日最高、最低和降水数据,采用M-K秩次检验法和小波分析法,分析了南盘江流域主要极端气候指数的时空变化特征。结果 表明:(1)近54年南盘江流域表征高温事件的夏日日数SU25,极端最高气温TXx和热持续指数WSDI均呈极显著上升趋势,表征低温事件的霜日日数FD0和冷持续指数CSDI均呈极显著减小趋势,极端最低气温TNn呈极显著上升趋势; 强降水日数R10、湿天降水总量PRCPTOT、日最大降水量RX1、5日最大降水量RX5、强降水量R95p和极强降水量R99p呈显著或极显著减小趋势,普通降水强度SDⅡ呈弱减小趋势,持续湿润指数CWD呈极显著减小趋势,持续干燥指数CDD呈弱上升趋势; 各极端气候指数均在2001年以后发生了显著变化,其中强降水量R95p和极强降水量R99p上升趋势较为明显。(2)与温度相关的极端气温指数呈现出北低南高的分布特征,冷持续指数CSDI呈现出东高西低的分布特征,热持续指数WSDI则呈现出相反的分布特征; 极端降水指数基本上呈现出东高西低的分布特征; 南盘江流域中部干暖化趋势最为显著。(3)暖指数的变暖幅度大于冷指数的变冷幅度,极端最低气温变暖幅度大于极端最高气温变暖幅度; 极端降水量级PRCPTOT减小幅度大于强降水量R95p和极强降水量R99p,极端降水强度RX5减小幅度明显大于RX1,R10和SDⅡ,持续干燥指数CDD的变干幅度明显大于持续湿润指数CWD。(4)极端降水事件对SU25和TNn的变化响应更为显著。

Based on the data of daily maximum, minimum and precipitation from 25 meteorological stations in the Nanpan River from 1964 to 2017, temporal and spatial variation characteristics of extreme climate events in Yunnan Province were analyzed by using the Mann-Kendall rank test and wave-let analysis methods. The results showed that:(1)in recent 54 years, SU25, TXx and WSDI characterizing extremely high temperatures presented the significant increasing trend, FD0 and CSDI characterizing extremely low temperatures presented the significant decreasing trend, TXx presented the significant increasing trend; R10, PRCPTOT, RX1, RX5, R95p and R99p showed marked or extremely significant decreasing trend, SDⅡ showed weak decreasing trend, CDD showed extremely significant decreasing trend, CWD showed weak increasing trend; the extreme climatic indices had all changed significantly after 2001, and the increasing trend of R95p and R99p was obvious;(2)the main space characteristics of the extreme temperature index characterizing extremely low temperatures were high in north and low in south, the main space characteristics of CSDI were high in east and low in west, WSDI showed the opposite distribution, the extreme precipitation index basically showed the distribution characteristic of the high level in the east and the low level in the west; the trend of dry-warming was the most obvious in the middle of Nanpan River Basin;(3)the warming range of the warming index was larger than that of the cold index, and the warming range of the extreme minimum temperature was larger than that of the extreme maximum temperature, the decrease of extreme precipitation level PRCPTOT was larger than that of R95p and R99p, the decrease of extreme precipitation intensity RX5 was larger than that of RX1, R10 and SDⅡ, the drying range of CDD was obviously larger than that of CWD;(4)the response of extreme precipitation to the changes of SU25 and TNn was more significant.