AN Dan,ZHOU Zhongfa,FAN Baoxiang,et al.Air CO2 Concentration and Response of Dripping Water Chemistry to Cave Ventilation in Dafeng Cave of Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,27(06):338-345,352.
贵州大风洞洞穴空气CO2浓度及滴水水化学与洞穴通风的响应
- Title:
- Air CO2 Concentration and Response of Dripping Water Chemistry to Cave Ventilation in Dafeng Cave of Guizhou Province
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2020)06-0338-08
- Keywords:
- karst cave; ventilation effect; virtual temperature difference; CO2 concentration; drip water chemistry
- 分类号:
- P641.134; X142
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为探究岩溶关键带碳循环机制,揭示洞穴通风对洞穴环境变化的响应机制,在2018年国庆期间对贵州绥阳大风洞洞内空气环境指标(温度、湿度、CO2浓度)和滴水水化学指标(温度,pH值,EC,Ca2+,HCO-3)进行为期7 d的连续自动监测,并运用系统分析方法对各要素进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)受游客数量、洞道结构的影响,洞穴空气CO2浓度表现出明显的昼夜变化特征; 与2#(神泉玉露)点相比,1#(夜明珠)点位于大风洞主洞道,洞腔体积较大,洞道较宽,洞穴空气CO2浓度增加幅度及变化幅度表现为2#>1#。(2)洞穴通风效应与洞穴滴水水化学相关性显著。洞穴通风与lgPCO2(w)呈反相关,与pH值,SIc和SId为正相关; 受监测点洞道结构、通风效应和滴水水量的影响,洞穴通风与1#点的Ca2+和HCO-3浓度变化呈反相关关系,与2#点的相关性不显著。(3)不同通风模式下,不同监测点的水气CO2分压差及沉积环境存在差异。当ΔTv>0时,洞穴属于积极通风状态,洞穴空气CO2浓度降低,ΔPCO2>0,有利于洞穴景观的沉积; 反之,洞穴沉积物趋向于产生溶蚀作用。
- Abstract:
- To explore the carbon cycle mechanism in the Karst Key Zone and reveal the response mechanism of the cave ventilation to the charge of environment. During the vacation of National Day of 2018, the 7-day continuous automatic monitoring on air environment index in tunnel(Temperature, Humidity, CO2 concentration)and chemical index of dripping water(Temperature, pH value, EC, Ca2+, HCO-3)had been carried out in Dafeng Cave of Suiyang in Guizhou Province. The systemic analysis method was used to do a comprehensive analysis on the factors. The results showed that:(1)affected by the quantity of tourists and tunnel structures, there were obvious diurnal variation characteristics in air CO2 concentrations of caves; compared with 2#, 1# located at the main tunnel of Dafeng Cave, has a large cavity and wide tunnel; the increasing range and changing range of CO2 concentration in the air of caves decreased in the order: 2#(shenquanyulu)>1#(yemingzhu);(2)correlation between the effect of cave ventilation and the chemistry of cave dripping water was significant; the cave ventilation effect was negatively related to lgPCO2(w), positively correlated with pH value, SIc and SId; influenced by the tunnel structures of monitoring point, cave ventilation effect and dripping water volume, cave ventilation were positively related to the concentration changes of Ca2+ and HCO-3 at 1#, but the correlation in 2# was not significant;(3)under different ventilation modes, there were differences in water vapor CO2 partial pressure difference and deposition environment at different monitoring points; when ΔTv>0, the cave will be positively ventilated and the CO2 concentration in the air of caves will decline, ΔPCO2>0, it will be conducive to the deposition of cave landscape. On the contrary, cave sediments tend to produce dissolution.
参考文献/References:
[1] 张强.基于微气候数学模型的洞穴CO2迁移变化机制研究[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2016.
[2] 张绍云.喀斯特地区土壤—洞穴CO2迁移变化及其协同响应研究[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2017.
[3] 蒋忠诚,裴建国,夏日元,等.我国“十一五”期间的岩溶研究进展与重要活动[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(4):349-354.
[4] 曹明达,周忠发,张结,等.白云岩洞穴系统中水—气CO2分压对洞穴水水文化学过程的影响:以贵州双河洞为例[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(3):54-60.
[5] 曹明达.白云岩洞穴水水文地球化学特征及其环境变化响应研究[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2017.
[6] 蔡炳贵,沈凛梅,郑伟,等.本溪水洞洞穴空气CO2浓度与温、湿度的空间分布和昼夜变化特征[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(4):348-354.
[7] Whitaker T, Jones D, Baldini J U L, et al. A high-resolution spatial survey of cave air carbon dioxide concentrations in Scoska Cave(North Yorkshire, UK): implications for calcite deposition and re-dissolution[J]. Cave & Karst Science, 2009,36(3):864-874.
[8] Song L H, Wang J, Liang F Y, et al. Effect of human and natural factors on the environment of show caves[J].Carsologica Sinica,2004,23(2):91-99.
[9] 张结,周忠发,曹明达,等.CO2在洞穴空气和滴水水文过程中的变化:以贵州织金洞为例[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(30):32-38.
[10] 潘艳喜,周忠发,张结,等.喀斯特旅游洞穴微气候环境要素时空分布特征及影响因素:以贵州织金洞为例[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(10):20-30.
[11] 王欢,曹奇,李苗发,等.福建仙云洞空气CO2浓度的空间分布及影响因素[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2018,13(4):34-40.
[12] 张强,周忠发,陈全,等.织金洞CO2浓度空间分布与昼夜变化的规律及成因分析[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(26):18-27.
[13] 杜金娥,张光生,王宁.蓬莱仙洞CO2浓度及温度的变化规律初探[J].中国农学通报,2008(3):395-400.
[14] Gonzalez L A, Carpente S J. Inorganic calcite morphology: roles of fluid chemistry and fluid flow[J]. SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1992,62.DOI:10.1306/D426790B-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.
[15] Tooth A F, Fairchild I J. Soil and karst aquifer hydrological controls on the geochemical evolution of speleothem-forming drip waters, Crag Cave, Southwest Ireland[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2003,273(1):51-68.
[16] 曾泽,蒋勇军,吕现福,等.重庆雪玉洞洞穴滴水水文地球化学时空变化特征及其环境意义[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2641-2650.
[17] 王凤康,梁作兵,于正良,等.岩溶地下河水文地球化学对降雨的响应:以重庆雪玉洞地下河系统为例[J].环境科学,2014,35(10):3716-3721.
[18] 郭小娇,龚晓萍,袁道先,等.典型岩溶包气带洞穴滴水水文过程研究:以桂林硝盐洞为例[J].地球学报,2017,38(4):537-548.
[19] 李渊,刘子琦,吕小溪,等.贵州石漠化地区降雨期间洞穴滴水的元素变化特征:以石将军洞为例[J].山地学报,2017,35(6):799-807.
[20] 庞征,王天阳,李凤全,等.金华北山洞穴水地球化学变化特征及气候指示意义[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):332-337,342.
[21] Yin J J, Guo X J, Jiang G H, et al. Study on dripping traces of gully salt caves in Guilin and its climatic environment significance[J]. Journal of China Hydrology, 2017,37(4):18-23,67.
[22] 殷建军,郭小娇,姜光辉,等.桂林硝盐洞洞穴滴水示踪及气候环境意义研究[J].水文,2017,37(4):18-23,67.
[22] 袁道先.中国岩溶动力系统[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[23] 周超.旅游洞穴系统中二氧化碳浓度变化及运移机制研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[24] 张美良,朱晓燕,吴夏,等.洞穴次生化学碳酸盐沉积物—石笋的气候替代指标的意义与不确定性因素[J].地球与环境,2015,43(2):138-151.
[25] Mc Dermott F, Matter D P, Hawke worth C. Centennial scale Holocene climate variability revealed by a high-resolution speleothem δ18O record from SW Ireland[J]. Science, 2001,294:1328-1331.
[26] Fleitmann D. Holocene forcing of the Indian monsoon recorded in a stalagmite from southern Oman[J]. Science, 2003,300(5626):1737-1739.
[27] Spotl C, Fairchild I J, Tooth A F. Cave air control on dripwater geochemistry, obir caves(Austria): Implications for speleothem deposition in dynamically ventilated caves[J]. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 2005,69(10):2451-2468.
[28] Shindoh T T, Mishima Y. Watanabe S, et al. Seasonal cave air ventilation controlling variation in cave air PCO2 and drip water geochemistry at Inazumi Cave, Oita, northeastern Kyushu, Japan[J]. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 2017,79(2):100-112.
[29] 刘再华, Chris GROVES,袁道先,等.水—岩—气相互作用引起的水化学动态变化研究:以桂林岩溶试验场为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2003(4):13-18.
[30] 张结,周忠发,汪炎林,等.短时间高强度旅游活动下洞穴CO2的变化特征及对滴水水文地球化学的响应[J].地理学报,2018,73(9):1687-1701.
[31] Sánchez-Cañete E P, Serrano-Ortiz P, Domingo F, et al. Cave ventilation is influenced by variations in the CO2-dependent virtual temperature[J]. International Journal of Speleology, 2013,42(1):1-8.
[32] 张蔷,赵淑艳,赵习方.北京石花洞内CO2的监测与评价[J].中国岩溶,1997(4):45-51.
[33] 宋林华,韦小宁,梁福源.河北临城白云洞洞穴旅游对洞穴CO2浓度及温度的影响[J].中国岩溶,2003(3):66-71.
[34] José Benavente, Vadillo I, Lian C, et al. Ventilation effects in a karstic show cave and in its vadose environment, Nerja, Southern Spain[J]. Carbonates & Evaporites, 2011,26(1):11-17.
[35] Deininger M, Fohlmeister J, Scholz D, et al. Isotope disequilibrium effects: The influence of evaporation and ventilation effects on the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of speleothems: A model approach[J]. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 2012,96:57-79.
[36] Haibo H E, Jing T, Shuhua L, et al. Spatial and temporal variation of environments and influencing factors in Loufang Cave, Northeast of Sichuan Province[J]. Tropical Geography, 2014,34(5):696-703..
[37] Smithson P A. Inter-relationships between cave and outside air temperatures[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 1991,44(1):65-73.
[38] Daniel O, Breecker, Ashley E, et al. The sources and sinks of CO2 in caves under mixed woodland and grassland vegetation[J]. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 2012,96:230-246.
[39] Troester J W, White W B. Seasonal fluctuations in the carbon dioxide partial pressure in a cave atmosphere[J]. Water Resources Research, 1984,20(1):153-156.
[40] Kowalczk A J, Froelich P N. Cave air ventilation and CO2 outgassing by radon-222 modeling: How fast do caves breathe[J]. Earth & Planet Sci Lett, 2010,289:209-219.
[41] 陈琳,黄嘉仪,刘淑华,等.广东英德宝晶宫洞穴微环境时空变化特征及其主要影响因素探究[J].地球与环境,2017,45(2):164-170.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2020-01-06 修回日期:2020-02-26
资助项目:国家自然科学基金(41361081); 贵州师范大学资助博士科研项目(GZNUD[2017]6号)
第一作者:安丹(1994—),女,贵州遵义人,硕士研究生,研究方向为喀斯特地貌与洞穴研究。E-mail:andan4192@163.com
通信作者:周忠发(1969—),男,贵州遵义人,教授,博导,主要从事喀斯特资源环境、GIS与遥感研究。E-mail:fa6897@163.com