ZHANG Yongqiang,ZHANG Na,LI Yajie,et al.Effect of Drip Irrigation Amount on Water Consumption Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation and Transformation of Summer Soybean in North Xinjiang[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(02):111-116.
滴灌量对北疆复播大豆耗水特性及干物质积累、转运的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Drip Irrigation Amount on Water Consumption Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation and Transformation of Summer Soybean in North Xinjiang
- Keywords:
- drip irrigation quantities; summer soybean; water consumption characteristics; dry matter accumulation and transformation
- 分类号:
- S565.1
- 摘要:
- 为北疆麦后复播大豆高产、节水栽培提供理论依据。在大田滴灌条件下，采用单因子随机区组试验设计，研究了不同滴灌量（3 000，3 600，4 200，4 800 m3/hm2，分别用W1，W2，W3，W4表示）对复播大豆耗水特性及干物质积累、转运的影响。结果表明，随着滴灌量的增加，复播大豆各生育时期0—60 cm土层土壤含水量均呈增大趋势，且处理间0—40 cm土层中土壤含水量差异较大，而40—60 cm土层的差异较小；总耗水量增加，土壤贮水消耗量明显减少。不同处理复播大豆全生育期单株干物质均呈“S”型变化趋势；干物质最大积累速率（Vm）、快增期持续时间（△t）及干物质总量均以W3处理最高；花前、花后的干物质转运量与籽粒产量均呈正相关关系，但花后干物质转运对产量的影响较大，各处理花后同化物转运量、转运率及对籽粒贡献率均表现为：W3 > W4 > W2 > W1。产量以W3处理最高，达3 741.23 kg/hm2，较W1，W2和W4分别高出30.42%，13.98，8.44%，差异显著（p < 0.05）。各处理水分利用效率表现为：W3 > W4 > W2 > W1；灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）在W1，W2，W3处理间差异不显著，但均显著高于W4处理。
- Abstract:
- The field experiment was conducted by setting four drip irrigation treatments including 3 000 m3/hm2(W1),3 600 m3/hm2 (W2),4 200 m3/hm2 (W3) and 4 800 m3/hm2(W4) to study the effects of different drip irrigation on water consumption characteristics, dry matter accumulation and transformation of summer soybean following randomized block design. The results showed that with the increase of drip irrigation quantities, the water content in 0—60 cm soil laye increased greatly at each growth stage of summer soybean, and the differences of soil moisture in 0—40 cm soil layer was more obviously, but little difference was observed in 40—60 cm soil layer. However, stored soil water consumption decreased while the total water consumption increased. The dry matter accumulation showed the S-shaped curve; treatment W3 had the best of the continued days of dry matter rapid accumulation(△t), the maximum increase rate of dry matter(Vm) and the total dry matter accumulation. Results from correlation and regression analysis methods indicated that there were positive correlations between yield and dry matter translocation before and after anthesis, especially the dry matter translocation after anthesis had the significant contribution to yield, in addition, all of the dry matter translocation after anthesis, its ration and contribution to grains decreased in the order: W3 > W4 > W2 > W1. The treatment W3 had the highest yield of 3 741.23 kg/hm2, which was 30.42%,13.98% and 8.44% higher than the other treatmensts, respectively, reaching the significant difference level (p < 0.05). Water use efficiency decreasd in the order: W3 > W4 > W2 > W1, the irrigation water use efficiency had no significant difference between treatment W1, W2 and W3, but all of them were higher than treatment W4.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2015-03-23;改回日期:2015-04-10。
基金项目:国家自然资助项目（31260312）；农业部公益性行业专项（201103001）
作者简介:张永强(1988-),男,河南平舆人,研究生,主要从事绿洲农作制度研究。E-mail:zyq988@yeah.net
通讯作者:徐文修(1962-),女,河北蠡县人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事高效农作制度与农业生态研究工作。E-mail:xjxwx@sina.com