MENG Fan-chao,WANG Yu-jie,ZHAO Zhan-jun,et al.Plant Biodiversity of the Damaged River Bank and Their Relationship with Soil Properties at the Beginning of Restoration in Taohua River of Chongqing City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(04):126-131.
重庆市桃花溪受损河岸植被恢复初期物种多样性变化及其对土壤环境效应的影响
- Title:
- Plant Biodiversity of the Damaged River Bank and Their Relationship with Soil Properties at the Beginning of Restoration in Taohua River of Chongqing City
- Keywords:
- Taohua river of Chongqing City; restoration model; species diversity; soil environmental effect
- 分类号:
- X171.1;TV861
- 摘要:
- 重庆市长寿区桃花溪由于人为干扰部分河岸受损，河岸植被破坏严重，经过生态治理修复，植被恢复效果良好。通过野外实地调查，并结合方差分析、相关分析及多元逐步回归分析法探讨了修复河岸初期各护坡模式下的植物多样性及其对土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾和阳离子交换量等土壤理化性质指标的响应。结果表明：植被护岸与天然材料织物垫护岸生物多样性最丰富，其物种多样性指标稍高于人工扁袋护岸，相比原生态的半裸地有了极显著的改善。各护岸模式的大多数土壤理化特征因子差异性极为显著，其中半裸地的土壤质地与水肥状况最差，说明各护岸措施对土壤的改善效果明显。通过对各生物多样性指数和土壤特征因子的一般相关分析与逐步回归分析，各多样性指标均与土壤容重呈显著负相关；Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数与毛管孔隙度、速效N、阳离子交换量（CEC）呈显著性正相关，与有机质呈极显著正相关；Shannon-Wiener多样指数、Pielou均匀度指数与毛管孔隙度呈极显著的正相关，与有机质呈显著正相关。其中，全K、有机质、阳离子交换量CEC三个土壤养分因子与生物多样性的关系最为密切。
- Abstract:
- Because of artificial interference, the plant of river bank in Taohua has been damaged. After eco-restoration of the river bank, plant recovered rather well. Based on the survey on community in the plots, we studied the plant species diversity, soil properties and their relationship at the beginning of restoration with one way ANOVA analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression methods. Twelve soil indicators were selected to describe soil physical properties and nutrient characteristics, including soil bulk density, capillary pore, non-capillary pore, active acid (pH), organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, available K and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results showed that the species diversity of the plant slope protection and natural materials fabric pad which is little better than geotextile flat bag was the highest. The species diversity has been greatly improved compared with bared river bank. In all of the river bank models, the difference of the most soil chemical and physical characters, which of the bared river bank have the best soil fertility condition, is extremely obvious. Through correlation analysis and multiple regression methods between invasive plants on soil biodiversity and soil chemical and physical characters, the indices of invasive plants on soil biodiversity are negative correlation to soil bulk density. In all of indices, Margalef index and Simpson index are obvious positive relation to capillary pore, available N and CEC as well as extremely obvious positive relation to organic matter. Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index are extremely obvious positive relation to capillary pore as well as obvious positive relation to organic matter. In all soil chemical and physical characters, total K, organic matter, CEC had the closest relationship with species diversity.
参考文献/References:
[1] 傅伯杰, 陈利顶, 马克明, 等.景观生态学原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001.
[2] 茹广欣, 朱登强, 王军辉, 等.西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林地的物种多样性与土壤养分特征[J].河南农业大学学报, 2008, 42(5):511-515.
[3] 王凯博, 陈美玲, 秦娟, 等.子午岭植被自然演替中植物多样性变化及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J].西北植物学报, 2007, 27(10):2089-2096.
[4] Ansgar Kahmen, Jorg Perner, Volker Audorff, et al.Effects of plant diversity, community composition and environmental parameterson productivity in montane European grasslands[J].Oecologia, 2005, 142:606-615.
[5] 王长庭, 曹广民, 王启兰, 等.三江源地区不同建植期人工草地植被特征及其与土壤特征的关系[J].应用生态学报, 2007, 18(11):2426-2431.
[6] 左小安, 赵学勇, 赵哈林, 等.科尔沁沙质草地群落物种多样性、生产力与土壤特性的关系[J].环境科学, 2007, 28(5):945-951.
[7] 文海燕, 傅华, 赵哈林.退化沙质草地植物群落物种多样性与土壤肥力的关系[J].草业科学, 2008, 25(10):6-9.
[8] 刘克彪.盐渍化沙地土壤旱化过程中植被的变化[J].草业科学, 2005, 22(10):7-10.
[9] 肖德荣, 田昆, 张利权.滇西北高原纳帕海湿地植物多样性与土壤肥力的关系[J].生态学报, 2008, 28(7):3116-3124.
[10] 赵洋毅, 王玉杰, 王云琦, 等.渝北不同模式水源涵养林植物多样性及其与土壤特征的关系[J].生态环境学报, 2009, 18(6):2260-2266.
[11] 汪冬冬, 杨凯, 车越, 等.河段尺度的上海苏州河河岸带综合评价[J].生态学报, 2010, 30(13):3501-3510.
[12] 陈小华, 李小平.河道生态护坡关键技术及其生态功能[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(3):1168-1176.
[13] 宋创业, 郭柯, 刘高焕.浑善达克沙地植物群落物种多样性与土壤因子的关系[J].生态学杂志, 2008, 27(1):8-13.
[14] 陈圣宾, 蒋高明, 高吉喜, 等.生物多样性监测指标体系构建研究进展[J].生态学报, 2008, 28(10):5124-5132.
[15] 章家恩.生态学常用实验研究方法与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2006:91-92.
[16] 张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004.
[17] 杨万勤, 钟章成, 陶建平, 等.缙云山森林土壤速效P的分布特征及其与物种多样性的关系研究[J].生态学杂志, 2001, 20(4):24-27.
[18] 王占军, 蒋齐, 潘占兵, 等.宁夏毛乌素沙地不同密度柠条林对土壤结构及植物群落特征的影响[J].水土保持研究, 2005, 12(6):123-125.
[19] 李德生, 张萍, 张水龙, 等.黄前库区森林地表径流水移动规律的研究[J].水土保持学报, 2004, 18(1):78-81.
[20] Gentry A H.Endemism in tropical vs.temperate plant communities in Soule[M].Sunderland, Massachusetts:Conservation Biology.Sinauer Press, 1986:153-181.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2011-1-24;改回日期:2011-2-21。
基金项目:国家林业局“948”城市河流生态系统的森林生物工程修复技术项目（2007-4-14）
作者简介:孟凡超（1985- ），男，硕士生，主要从事山地灾害防治工程研究。E-mail：mengfanc7@163.com
通讯作者:王玉杰（1960- ），教授，博士生导师，主要从事土壤侵蚀、林业生态工程研究。E-mail：wyujie@bjfu.edu.cn