QI Ji,SHI Yu,YU Xin-xiao,et al.Hydrological Function of Litters of the Main Tree Species in Beijing Mountainous Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(03):73-77.
北京山区主要树种枯落物水文功能特征研究
- Title:
- Hydrological Function of Litters of the Main Tree Species in Beijing Mountainous Area
- Keywords:
- litter; water-holding proportion; soaking method; simulating rainfall method; Beijing mountain area
- 分类号:
- S715
- 摘要:
- 为研究北京山区主要树种枯落物的水文功能，在妙峰山林场调查了栓皮栎（Quersus variabilis）林、油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）林、侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）林和刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）林的枯落物储量，并用两种方法测定枯落物的持水过程。研究结果表明：（1）栓皮栎林、油松林、侧柏林和刺槐林的枯落物厚度分别为10.5，4.0，3.8，2cm，储量分别为945g/m2，803.3g/m2，1 024.0g/m2和239.8g/m2。（2）采用室内浸泡法测定4种枯落物的最大持水率为230.3%，165.1%，161.9%和212.0%。其中0～2h是枯落物持水增加最快的阶段，2～6h枯落物持水增加减慢，6h以后趋于稳定。（3）采用人工降雨法测定4种枯落物的最大持水率为334.3%，331.1%，415.8%，259.9%，均大于相应的浸泡法测得的最大持水量。可将人工降雨法测定枯落物持水率随时间的变化分为4个阶段：第1阶段为迅速吸收阶段，第2阶段为缓慢吸收阶段，第3阶段为逐渐饱和阶段，第4阶段为饱和阶段。（4）枯落物有效拦蓄量可以更准确地反映枯落物截持实际降雨的能力。4种枯落物的有效拦蓄量大小为油松＞侧柏＞栓皮栎＞刺槐。其中油松的有效拦蓄量最大，为12.154t/hm2。实验发现，浸泡法测定枯落物持水过程存在一定缺陷，人工降雨法较好地弥补了这些不足。
- Abstract:
- In order to study the hydrological function of litters of the main tree species in Beijing mountainous area,the litter reserve of Quersus variabilis stand,Pinus tabulaeformis stand,Platycladus orientalis stand and Robinia pseudoacacia stand were investigated and the water-holding processes of litter were measured in two ways.(1) The thickness of the litter layer of Quersus variabilis stand,Pinus tabulaeformis stand,Platycladus orientalis stand and Robinia pseudoacacia stand was 10.5cm,4.0cm,3.8cm and 2cm.Their corresponding weight was 945g/m2,803.3g/m2,1 024.0g/m2,239.8g/m2.(2) The highest water-holding proportion of the four main tree species measured by soaking was 230.3%,165.1%,161.9% and 212.0%.During the process,water-holding proportion’s fastest growing period occurred in 0～2h,in 2～6h,the water-holding proportion grows slowly and after 6 h,the water-holding proportion hardly increases.(3) The highest water-holding proportion of the four main tree species measured by simulating rainfall was 334.3%,331.1%,415.8% and 259.9%,which are correspondingly greater than those measured by soaking.The process that the water-holding proportion changes with time by simulating rainfall method can be separated into 4 phases.In phase 1,the water-holding proportion increases rapidly;in phase 2,the proportion increases slowly;in phase 3,the water-holding proportion is getting saturated;in phase 4,the litter is totally saturated.(4) The water effective interception ability of litters can reflect the litter interception ability in natural rainfall.The ranking of four kinds of litter effective interception abilities is Pinus tabulaeformis>Platycladus orientalis>Quersus variabilis>Robinia pseudoacacia. Effective interception ability of Pinus tabulaeformis is the the greatest,which is 12.154t/hm2.According to the experiment,there are some defects of the soaking way to measure the water-holding process of litters,which can be modified by the simulating rainfall method.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2010-12-29;改回日期:2011-1-18。
基金项目:国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项（20080422）;国家自然科学基金项目（40871136）
作者简介:齐记（1988- ），女，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，学士，水土保持与荒漠化防治。E-mail：ji.qi.china@gmail.com
通讯作者:余新晓（1961- ），男，甘肃省平凉市人，博士，教授，主要研究方向：森林水文/水土保持。E-mail：yuxinxiao111@126.com