ZHANG Biao,YANG Yan-gang,ZHANG Can-qiang.Characteristics of Water Conservation of Forest Ecosystem in Tai Lake Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(05):96-100.
太湖地区森林生态系统的水源涵养功能特征
- Title:
- Characteristics of Water Conservation of Forest Ecosystem in Tai Lake Region
- Keywords:
- forest ecosystem; water conservation; litter; soil layer; Tai Lake Region
- 分类号:
- S715.7
- 摘要:
- 为客观认识森林生态系统在流域水资源管理中的作用，在总结分析前人研究成果的基础上，该文综合比较了太湖地区主要森林类型中枯枝落叶层和土壤层的涵养水源功能特征。结果表明：太湖地区森林生态系统林下枯枝落叶层现存量平均值为4.68～14.4 t/hm2，持水量为11.6～29.99 t/hm2，持水率为187.24%～246.22%；主要森林类型土壤层的毛管孔隙度变动于39.01%～44.21%，非毛管孔隙度为10.21%～16.53%；而土壤层的初渗率变动于11.94～19.06 mm/min，稳渗率为3.77～6.74 mm/min。总体来看，太湖地区森林枯枝落叶层和土壤层的水源涵养能力指标多低于亚热带平均值。
- Abstract:
- In recent years, the water conservation of forest ecosystem has raised a number of concerns. However, the present studies in Tai Lake Region lack of a comprehensive discussion and analysis on water conservation of forests. This paper reviewed a great deal of forest hydrology studies in Tai Lake Region, and compared the characteristics of water conservation in forest litter and soil layer. Field measurements indicated that, the litter biomass of major forest types ranged from 4.68 t/hm2 to 14.4 t/hm2, the amount of water interception by litter varied from 11.6 t/hm2 to 29.99 t/hm2, and the interception ratio of fully water-saturated weight to its dry mass ranged from 187.24% to 246.22%. The forests in Tai Lake Region also had well-developed soil porosity, with non-capillary pores ranging from 10.21% to 16.53%, and capillary pores from 39.01% to 44.21%. In addition, the forest soil permeability capabilities varied with vegetation types. The deciduous broadleaf forest had the largest steady-state permeability of 6.74 mm/min, followed by Chinese fir plantation, bamboo, evergreen broadleaf forest and pine. In sum, more improvement should be done in water conservation functions of forests in Tai Lake Region.
参考文献/References:
[1] 刘世荣,温远光,王兵,等.中国森林生态系统水文生态功能规律[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996:1-5.
[2] 张彪,李文华,谢高地,等.森林生态系统的水源涵养功能及其计量方法[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(3):529-534.
[3] Nunez D,Nahuelhual L,Oyarzun C.Forests and water: The value of native forests in supplying water for human consumption[J].Ecological Economics,2006,5:606-616.
[4] Andreassian V.Water and forests: From historical controversy to scientific debate[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,291:1-27.
[5] Farley K,Jobbagy E,Jackson P.Effects of afforestation on water yield: A global synthesis with implications for policy[J].Global Change Biology,2005,11:1565-1567.
[6] 宋子刚.森林生态水文功能与林业发展决策[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(4):101-107.
[7] 秦伯强,吴庆农,高俊峰,等.太湖地区的水资源与水环境:问题、原因与管理[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(2):221-228.
[8] 黄智华,薛滨,逄勇.太湖水环境演变与流域经济发展关系及趋势[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(5):627-631.
[9] 刘庄,郑刚,张永春,等.社会经济活动对太湖流域的生态影响分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(1):27-31.
[10] 蔡庆华,吴刚,刘建康.流域生态学:水生态系统多样性研究和保护的一个新途径[J].科技导报,1997(5):24-26.
[11] 阎水玉,王祥荣.流域生态学与太湖流域防洪、治污及可持续发展[J].湖泊科学,2001,13(1):1-7.
[12] 蒋文伟,余树全,周国模,等.安吉地区不同森林植被水源涵养功能的研究[J].江西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2002,24(5):635-639.
[13] 杨学军,姜志林.苏南丘陵区主要森林类型地被层水源涵养功能研究[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(3):28-31.
[14] 林海礼,宋绪忠,钱立军,等.千岛湖地区不同森林类型枯落物水文功能研究[J].浙江林业科技,2008,28(1):70-74.
[15] 周重光,沈辛作,于建国,等.浙江山地森林枯落物层的生态水文效应[J].浙江林业科技,1989,9(5):1-8.
[16] 刘为华,张桂莲,徐飞,等.上海城市森林土壤理化性质[J].浙江林学院学报,2009,26(2):155-163.
[17] 周重光,柴锡周,沈辛作,等.天目山森林土壤的水文生态效应[J].林业科学研究,1990,3(3):215-221.
[18] 黄进,杨会,张金池.桐庐生态公益林主要林分类型的土壤水文效应[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):1094-1099.
[19] 玉冬米.森林土壤透水蓄水性能的研究[J].林业科技开发,2000,14(4):10-12.
[20] 谢红彬,虞孝感,张运林.太湖流域水环境演变与人类活动耦合关系[J].长江流域资源与环境,2001,10(5):393-400.
[21] Putuhena W M,Cordery I.Estimation of interception capacity of the forest floor[J].Journal of Hydrology,1996,180:283-299.
[22] 余新晓,张志强,陈丽华,等.森林生态水文[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004:32-35.
[22] 温远光,刘世荣.我国主要森林生态系统类型降水截留规律的数量分析[J].林业科学,1995,31(4):289-298.
[23] 孙艳红,张洪江,程金花,等.缙云山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):106-109.
[24] 何东宁,王占林,张洪勋.青海乐都地区森林涵养水源效能研究[J].植物生态学报与地植物学学报,1991,15(1):71-78.
[25] Dunne T,Zhang W,Aubry B F.Effects of rainfall,vegetation and microtopography on infiltration and runoff[J].Water Resoures Research,1991,27(9):2271-2285.
[26] 杨学军,姜志林.溧阳地区森林景观的生物多样性评价[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):671-675.
相似文献/References:
[1]吴钦孝,汪有科,韩冰,等.黄土高原水土流失区的林草资源和植被建设[J].水土保持研究,1994,1(03):2.
Wu Qinxiao,Wang Youke,Han Bing,et al.Forest and Grassland Resources and Vegetation Construction in The Soil and Water Loss Region of The Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1994,1(05):2.
[2]黄琼彪,蔡满雄.林业经营与水土资源保育之互动[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(03):34.
HUANG Qiongbiao,CAI Manxiong.The Interaction of Forest Management and Soil Conservation[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(05):34.
[3]徐海清,刘文耀.林冠附生物对水分的截留及对环境的监测[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(02):116.
XU Hai-qing,LIU Wen-yao.Water Interception and Monitoring for Environment Changing of Epiphytes[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(05):116.
[4]朱继鹏,王芳,高甲荣.吉县蔡家川流域不同森林植被的林地水源涵养功能[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(01):111.
ZHU Ji-peng,WANG Fang,GAO Jia-rong.The Function of Water Conservation of Different Forestlands in Caijiachuan Watershed of Ji County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(05):111.
[5]郑培龙,肖江伟,吴云,等.重庆缙云山典型林分林地土壤贮水特性研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(02):195.
ZHENG Pei-long,XIAO Jiang-wei,WU Yun,et al.Research on Forest Soil Water Retaining Properties of Typical Forests in Jinyun Mountain in ChongQing City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(05):195.
[6]孟广涛,方向京,李贵祥,等.云南金沙江流域不同植被类型水源涵养能力分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(04):160.
MENG Guang-tao,FANG Xiang-jing,LI Gui-xiang,et al.Analysis of Water Conservation Capacity of Different Vegetation Types in Jinshajiang Watershed of Yunnan Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(05):160.
[7]黄承标,黄俊杰,谭学锋,等.大瑶山自然保护区森林涵养水源效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(06):268.
HUANG Jun-jie,TAN Xue-feng,SU Yong,et al.Study on Water Conservation Benefit of Forest in Dayaoshan Natural Reseve[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(05):268.
[8]王春菊,汤小华.GIS支持下的水源涵养功能评价研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(02):215.
WANG Chun-ju,TANG Xiao-hua.A GIS-based Study on the Function of Water Conservation[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(05):215.
[9]刘硕.青海省大通县主要造林树种枯落物水文效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(06):105.
LIU Shuo.Hydrological Effects Study of Main Forestation Litters in Datong County, Qinghai Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(05):105.
[10]常志勇,包维楷,何其华,等.岷江上游辽东栎与川榛在模拟降雨过程中蒸散特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(01):78.
CHANG Zhing-yong,BAO Wei-kai,HE Qi-hua,et al.Evapotranspiration Simulation of Quercus liaotungensis and Corylus heterophylla var.sutchuenensis.Franch During Rainfall Process in the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(05):78.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2010-4-19;改回日期:2006-2-24。
基金项目:国家水污染防治专项“太湖流域水生态功能分区与质量目标管理技术示范”（2008ZX07526-007）
作者简介:张彪（1980- ），男，山东省郓城人，博士，助研，主要从事生态服务功能评估与生态补偿研究。E-mail：zhangbiao@igsnrr.ac.cn
通讯作者:孔东莲（1981- ），女，山西省昔阳县人，在读硕士，研究方向：边坡绿化;郭小平（1962- ），男，副教授，研究方向：林业生态工程、水土保持和边坡绿化。