[1]马丽梅,王万忠,焦菊英,等.黄河中游输沙与减沙的时空分异特征[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(04):67-72,77.
　MA Li-mei,WANG Wan-zhong,JIAO Ju-ying,et al.Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Sediment Discharge and Sediment Reduction in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(04):67-72,77.
点击复制

黄河中游输沙与减沙的时空分异特征

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 17 期数: 2010年04期 页码: 67-72,77 栏目: 出版日期: 2010-08-20
Title:
Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Sediment Discharge and Sediment Reduction in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River
作者:
马丽梅1, 王万忠1,2, 焦菊英1,2, 简金世1
1. 西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院, 陕西 杨陵 712100;
2. 中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨陵 712100
Author(s):
MA Li-mei1, WANG Wan-zhong1,2, JIAO Ju-ying1,2, JIAN Jin-shi1
1. College of Resource and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS & MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
关键词:
黄河中游; 退耕还林; 输沙量; 减沙幅度
Keywords:
the middle reaches of the Yellow River; conversion of cropland into forestland; sediment discharge; sediment reduction rate
分类号:
P333.4
摘要:
利用黄河中游主要水文站输沙量数据和48个雨量站降雨数据，分析了黄河中游1955年以来输沙与减沙特征，以及降雨与人类活动对输沙量变化的影响。结果表明：1955-2007年黄河中游输沙量总体呈下降趋势，20世纪70年代后较70年代前减沙46.8%，其中减幅较大的有汾河99.8%、岚漪河73.9%、州川河71.9%、三川河70.3%；退耕还林还草时期（1998-2007年）输沙量下降趋势最为明显，较70年代前减沙74.2%，除黄浦川、孤山川、佳芦河、屈产河、清涧河、延水之外，黄河中游大多数流域达到轻度侵蚀及以下；降雨因素和人类活动对输沙量变化的贡献率分别为37.6%和62.4%。
Abstract:
In the present study,the characteristic of sediment discharge,sediment reduction and the influence of human activities and rainfall on the sediment discharge in the past 50 years (since 1955) were analyzed based on the data collected from 48 rainfall stations and the main hydrometric stations in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.The results showed that sediment discharge has been decreasing totally from 1955 to 2007,it reduced by 46.8% relative to sediment yield before 1970.The reduction rates which were greater than 70% were Lanyihe (73.9%),Sanchuanhe (70.3%) and Zhouchuanhe (71.9%).In different controlled periods,the reduction during the period of conversion of cropland into forestland (1998-2007) is the most obvious and sediment reduction rate is 74.2% relative to the sediment yield before 1970.Soil erosion intensities of the most of tributaries became the light erosion and below light erosion,except Huangpuchuan,Gushanchuan,Jialuhe,Quchanhe,Qingjianhe and Yanshui.The contribution rates of rainfall and human activities to sediment reduction were 37.6% and 62.4%,respectively.

参考文献/References:

[1] 饶素秋,霍世青,薛建国,等.黄河上中游水沙变化特点分析及未来趋势展望[J].泥沙研究,2001(2):74-77.
[2] 王兆印,田世民.黄河的综合治理方略[J].天津大学学报,2008,41(9):1131-1135.
[3] 钱乐祥,王万同,李爽.黄河“地上悬河”问题研究回顾[J].人民黄河,2005,28(5):1-6.
[4] 信忠保,许炯心,余新晓.近50年黄土高原水土流失的时空变化[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1129-1139.
[5] 许炯心.黄河中游多沙粗沙区水土保持减沙的近期趋势及其成因[J].泥沙研究,2004(2):5-10.
[6] 倪晋仁,韩鹏,王光谦,等.黄河中游水保措施对入黄干支流泥沙特性的影响:Ⅰ.泥沙粒径变化[J].自然资源学报,1997,12(2):32-38.
[7] 冉大川.黄河中游水土保持措施减沙量宏观分析[J].人民黄河,2006,28(11):39-41.
[8] 王万忠,焦菊英.黄土高原水土保持减沙效益预测[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002.
[9] 倪晋仁,王光谦.黄河中游水保措施对入黄干支流泥沙特性的影响:Ⅱ.减沙效益分析[J].自然资源学报,1997,12(2):126-132.
[10] 冉大川.黄河中游水土保持措施减沙量宏观分析[J].人民黄河,2006,28(11):39-41.
[11] 景可.长江上游泥沙输移比初探[J].泥沙研究,2002(1):53-59.
[12] 景可,师长兴.流域输沙模数与流域面积关系研究[J].泥沙研究,2007(1):17-23.
[13] 熊贵枢.黄河流域水利水保措施减少减沙分析方法简述[J].人民黄河,1994,17(11):33-36.
[14] 张建兴,马孝义,金娜.气候变化对黄河中游河龙区间径流量的影响分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(4):197-201.
[15] 张世杰,焦菊英,李林育,等.黄河河龙区间河流泥沙对相关重大事件与政策的响应[J].地理科学,2009,29(6):905-910.
[16] 景效礼,宋志林.陕西省北洛河“94· 8”暴雨洪水分析[J].水文,2000,20(1):56-59.
[17] 闫云霞,许炯心,廖建华,等.黄土高原多沙粗沙区高含沙水流发生频率的时间变化[J].泥沙研究,2007(4):27-33.
[18] 原志华,延军平,刘宇峰.1950年以来汾河水沙演变规律及影响因素分析[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(5):57-64.
[19] 左海凤.近50年汾河上中游流域径流对气候变化的响应分析[J].水文,2006,26(5):72-78.
[20] 张健.汾河上游水土保持综合治理工程成绩斐然[J].中国水土保持,2005(10):9-10.
[21] 刘斌,冉大川,罗全华,等.北洛河流域水土保持措施减水减沙作用分析[J].人民黄河,2001,23(2):12-14.

相似文献/References:

[1]韩磊,郑佳丽,贺康宁,等.青海省大通县退耕还林对土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(03):100.
　HAN Lei,ZHENG Jia-li,HE Kang-ning,et al.Effect of Returning Farmland into Forest on Soil Physicochemical Properties in Datong County of Qinghai Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(04):100.
[2]赵发珠,韩新辉,杨改河,等.黄土丘陵区不同退耕还林地土壤有机碳、氮密度变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):43.
　ZHAO Fa-zhu,HAN Xin-hui,YANG Gai-he,et al.Change Characteristics of Density of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen under Land Shifted into Forestland in Hilly Loess Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):43.
[3]陈浩,陆中臣.黄河中游流域系统水沙过程变异研究[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(04):46.
　CHEN Hao,LU Zhong-chen.Study on Runoff and Sediment Process Variation in the Basins System of the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(04):46.
[4]李有华,王晓斌,刘润栓.搞好退耕还林需着重解决的几个问题[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(01):110.
　LI You-hua,WANG Xiao-bin,LIU Run-shuan.Problems of Converting Slope Farmland Into Forest and Grassland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(04):110.
[5]闫丽珍,闵庆文.退耕还林中“经济林”和“生态林”的概念和比例问题[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(03):50.
　YAN Li-zhen,MIN Qing-wen.Discussion on Concept and Proportion of Economic Forest and Ecologic Forest in Returning Cultivated Land to Forest[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(04):50.
[6]林明添,杨生健,邹得棉,等.大田县退耕还林成果及其效益分析[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(03):231.
　LIN Ming-tian,YANG Sheng-jian,ZOU De-mian,et al.Achievements of Returning Cultivated Land to Forests and Its Benefit Analysis in Datian County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(04):231.
[7]陈浩,蔡强国,周金星,等.黄河中游侵蚀产沙环境要素临界与交互作用研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(04):54.
　CHEN Hao,CAI Qiang-guo,ZHOU Jin-xing,et al.Research Progress of Interactive Influence and Thresholds of Geographic Environmental Elements on Sediment Yield of Drainage Basins in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(04):54.
[8]姚蓉.完善的后续政策是巩固退耕还林成果的重要前提[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(06):268.
　YAO Rong.Consummating Continuous Policy System to Consolidate Achievement of Converting Slope Farmland into Forest and Grassland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(04):268.
[9]梁仁君,林振山,许汝贞.基于GIS的沂蒙山区退耕还林(草)规划方案分析[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(01):136.
　LIANG Ren-jun,LIN Zhen-shan,XU Ru-zhen.Analysis of Planning Scheme on Cultivated Land in Yimeng Mountains Returned to Forestland and Grassland Based on GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):136.
[10]王海明,陈治谏,李贤伟,等.不同退耕还林林草模式土壤与林草间氮素变化规律研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(02):124.
　WANG Hai-ming,CHEN Zhi-jian,LI Xian-wei,et al.Study on the Soil Nutrient and Tree and Grass Nutrient Content Cycle of Different Forest and Grass System in Converting Agricultural Lands to Trees[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):124.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2010-6-9;
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目课题“黄土高原水土流失综合防治技术研究”（2006BAD09B10）;国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“中国主要水蚀区土壤侵蚀过程与调控研究”课题“区域水土流失过程与趋势分析”（2007CB407203）
作者简介:马丽梅（1985- ），女，甘肃金昌人，在读硕士，主要从事侵蚀产沙研究。E-mail：mlm1101@163.com
通讯作者:焦菊英（1965- ），女，陕西宝鸡人，研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为植被恢复与水土保持环境评价。E-mail：jyjiao@ms.iswc.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01