ZHANG Hong-feng,OUYANG Zhi-yun,ZHENG Hua.Analysis of Sediment Yields and Impact Factors of Manas River in the Last 50 Years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(02):124-127.
近50年来玛纳斯河泥沙变化及影响因素分析
- Title:
- Analysis of Sediment Yields and Impact Factors of Manas River in the Last 50 Years
- 分类号:
- P332.5
- 摘要:
- 河流泥沙对水利工程具有巨大的危害性,泥沙淤积直接造成水库和湖泊容积损失,河道河床抬高,间接影响防洪、供水、发电、灌溉等效益的正常发挥.分析了玛纳斯河1960-2005年40余年不同季节河流泥沙变化特征,并分析了影响河流泥沙变化的原因.分析结果表明:玛纳斯河泥沙年内分布具有极大的集中性,93%的输沙量都集中在夏季3个月.玛纳斯河各个季节的泥沙输移量表现为递增的趋势.玛纳斯河肯斯瓦特水文站以上侵蚀发生区侵蚀模数由20世纪60年代的802.78t/(km2·a)上升到21世纪初期的2056.82t/(km2·a),比20世纪60年代上升了156%.侵蚀等级由20世纪60年代的微度上升到21世纪初期的轻度.山区日益扩张的放牧活动以及森林采伐行为,是河流泥沙输沙量增加的驱动因素.输沙量的增加对河流电站和下游平原水库的正常运行造成巨大影响.加强流域管理,严格限制超载,禁止采伐天然林,对山地水源地进行养护,是控制河流泥沙的重要举措.
- Abstract:
- The sediment of river is harmful to the hydraulic engineering.The sediment deposition directly results in the loss of storage volume of reservoirs and lakes and the rising of riverbed,indirectly influences the normal running of flood control,water supply,electricity generation,irrigation.This paper analyzes the seasonal character of sediment of the Manas River from 1960 to 2005.Furthermore,the factors affecting the change of sediment are explored.The results show that there is a big concentricity in the innerannual distribution of sediment of the Manas River.93 percent of sediment discharge concentrates in summer.There is an upward trend in the sediment discharge in all seasons.The soil erosion modulus at the erosion region above Kensiwate station is 802.78 t/(km2·a) in 1960s,while 2056.82 t/(km2·a) in 2000s,increasing by 156%.The soil erosion class upgrades from slight water erosion in 1960s to light water erosion in 2000s.The increasing grazing and timber fall activities are dominant driving forces of the increasing of sediment discharge.The increasing of sediment discharge has greatly negative influence on the normal operation of electric power plant and plain reservoirs in the lower reaches of the Manas River Watershed.Therefore,conserving the mountain water sources region,limiting the overloading of livestock,and forbidding the natural forest cutting should be adopted.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2008-5-15;改回日期:。
基金项目:十一五国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAC01A01);国家自然科学基金委创新研究群体项目(4062061)
作者简介:张宏锋(1978- ),男,山东文登人,博士生,主要从事区域气候变化与生态学研究.E-mail:zhanghf77925@sohu.com
通讯作者:欧阳志云(1962- ),男,湖南人,博士,研究员,从事生态系统评价与规划和生物多样性保护方向的研究.E-mail:zyouyang@rcees.ac.cn