刺槐人工林林龄对土壤团聚体稳定性和土壤可蚀性的影响

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 32 期数: 2025年05期页码: 1-10 栏目: 出版日期: 2025-10-10

Title:: Effects of the age of Robinia pseudoacacia on soil aggregate stability and soil erodibility

文章编号:: 1005-3409（2025）05-0001-10

作者:: 韩金丹¹，毕华兴^1,2,3,4，赵丹阳¹，林丹丹¹，陆善洪¹; （1.北京林业大学，北京 100083；2.林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室，北京 100083；3.山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，北京 100083；4.水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心（北京林业大学），北京 100083）

Author(s):: Han Jindan¹, Bi Huaxing^1,2,3,4, Zhao Danyang¹, Lin Dandan¹, Lu Shanhong¹; (1.Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Beijing 100083,China; 3.Ji County Station,Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network(CNERN),Beijing 100083,China; 4.Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering,Ministry of Education...)

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分类号:: S157； S714.7

DOI:: 10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.05.031

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: [目的] 明确晋西黄土区刺槐林恢复过程中土壤团聚体的动态变化特征，为生态恢复和水土保持效益评价提供科学依据。[方法] 采用时空替代法，选取不同林龄（18 a，22 a，26 a，30 a，33 a，40 a）人工刺槐林，以荒草地为对照，测定0—30 cm土层土壤团聚体稳定性指标，分析了刺槐林土壤团聚体稳定性特征与土壤可蚀性（K）在不同林龄、不同土层间的差异，并进一步探究其影响因素。[结果]（1）不同林龄刺槐林土壤团聚体均以>0.25 mm为主，质量分数平均为48.86%。>0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量（WR0.25）、平均重量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD）随刺槐林林龄增加显著增大，团聚体破坏率（PAD）和团聚体分形维数（D）总体呈下降趋势。刺槐林土壤团聚体稳定性优于荒草样地。（2）同一土层中，土壤可蚀性随着刺槐恢复年限增加总体呈现先增大后减小的趋势，在刺槐林恢复33年时土壤抗侵蚀能力最强；同一林龄不同土层条件下，表层土壤抗侵蚀能力优于深层土壤。（3）土壤团聚体稳定性和土壤可蚀性直接受各粒级分布的影响，生物量和有机质含量有助于5 mm和2~5 mm粒级团聚体的形成，是土壤团聚体稳定性和可蚀性的主要影响因子。[结论] 晋西黄土区刺槐林的营造显著改善了土壤团聚体的结构稳定性，增强了土壤的抗侵蚀能力，且在林龄为33 a左右时土壤抗蚀性最强。

Abstract:: [Objective] The study aims to elucidate the dynamic changes in soil aggregates and soil erodibility during the restoration process of Robinia pseudoacacia forests within the loess region of western Shanxi Province. This is intended to provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration and soil and water conservation evaluation. [Methods] The stability indexes of soil aggregates in the 0—30 cm soil layer were determined by using the spatiotemporal substitution method for R. pseudoacacia plantations of different stand ages(18 a, 22 a, 26 a, 30 a, 33 a, 40 a), with natural grassland as a control. The differences in soil aggregate stability and soil erodibility(K) across forest ages and soil depths were analyzed, and the influencing factors were further explored. [Results](1) Soil aggregates of R. pseudoacacia forests of different stand ages were mainly>0.25 mm, with an average mass fraction of 48.86%. The content of soil aggregates>0.25 mm(WR0.25), mean weight diameter(MWD), and geometric mean diameter(GMD) all increased significantly with stand age, while the aggregate breakdown rate (PAD) and fractal dimension of aggregates (D) showed an overall decreasing trend. The stability of soil aggregates in R. pseudoacacia forests was significantly better than that in grassland plots.(2) Within the same soil layer, soil erodibility showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing forest age, with the strongest soil erosion resistance observed at 33 years of restoration. At the same forest age, surface soils exhibited stronger erosion resistance than subsoils.(3) Soil aggregate stability and erodibility were directly influenced by the distribution of particle size fractions. Biomass and organic matter content facilitated the formation of aggregates in the 5 mm and 2~5 mm fractions, which were the main factors affecting the stability of soil aggregates. [Conclusion] The establishment of R. pseudoacacia forests in the loess region of western Shanxi Province improves the structural stability of soil aggregates and enhances soil resistance to erosion, with the strongest erosion resistance observed at approximately 33 years of forest age.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-10-10