Wei Meijing,Huang Yanhui,Yang Haoyu,et al.Response of Soil Erosion and Nitrogen Loss to Rainfall Pattern and Sugarcane Growth Period at Different Slopes[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(05):35-44.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.05.020]
不同坡度下蔗地土壤侵蚀及氮素流失对雨型和甘蔗生育期的响应
- Title:
- Response of Soil Erosion and Nitrogen Loss to Rainfall Pattern and Sugarcane Growth Period at Different Slopes
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)05-0035-10
- Keywords:
- sugarcane; rain pattern; slope; growth period; soil erosion; nitrogen loss
- 分类号:
- S157
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]探究自然降雨下坡度、雨型及甘蔗生育期对坡面土壤侵蚀与养分流失特征的影响,为甘蔗种植区土壤侵蚀的机理完善与防治提供理论依据。[方法]采用径流小区野外原位观测法,分析了不同雨型和甘蔗生育期下不同坡度(5°,10°)蔗地坡面土壤侵蚀及氮素养分(硝态氮和铵态氮)流失特征。[结果](1)各生育期下坡面径流量大小表现为伸长期>分蘖期>幼苗期>成熟期,氮素养分流失量则表现为分蘖期显著高于其他3个时期(2.6～905.2倍); 侵蚀量及其氮素养分流失量大小表现为分蘖期>伸长期>苗期>成熟期,其中,甘蔗分蘖期坡面侵蚀量显著高于其他时期(2.9～71.4倍),在10°坡面下差异更明显;(2)B雨型(中雨量,短历时,大雨强)和C雨型(大雨量,短历时,超大雨强)是引起研究区蔗地土壤侵蚀及氮素养分流失的主要雨型,贡献70%以上的坡面产流产沙及氮素养分流失量。不同坡度处理中,C雨型下的侵蚀泥沙量、A雨型下的泥沙铵态氮流失量与B雨型下的径流铵态流失量存在显著性差异。(3)雨型与甘蔗生育期极显著影响蔗地坡面产流产沙及氮素养分流失(p<0.01),且影响程度高于坡度、坡度与雨型的交互作用以及坡度与生育期的交互作用。相比径流及其氮素养分流失量,坡度及其与雨型、生育期的交互作用对侵蚀泥沙及其氮素养分流失量变化的影响更突出。[结论]坡度对蔗地坡面产沙及其氮素养分流失过程的影响更显著; 蔗地坡面土壤侵蚀及氮素养分流失在分蘖期流失量最大,主要由B雨型和C雨型贡献。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]The aims of this study are to explore the influence of slope, rainfall pattern and sugarcane growth period on soil erosion and nutrient loss on slope surface, and to provide theoretical basis for the mechanism improvement and prevention of soil erosion in sugarcane planting area of lateritic soil. [Methods]In-situ observation method in runoff area was used to explore the characteristics of soil erosion and loss of nitrogen nutrients(nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen)at different slopes(5° and 10°)under different rain types and sugarcane growth period. [Results](1)The runoff in each growth period decreased in the order:extension period>tillering period>seedling period>mature period, and the nitrogen loss in tillering period was significantly higher than that in the other three periods(2.6～905.2 times). The sediment yield and their nitrogen nutrient loss followed the order:tillering stage>extension period>seedling period>maturity period, the sediment yield of sugarcane in the tillering stage was significantly higher than that in other periods(2.9～71.4 times), and the difference was more obvious under the 10° slope.(2)Type B(medium rainfall depth, short duration, strong rainfall intensity)and type C(great rainfall depth, short duration, extremely strong rainfall intensity)were the main rainfall pattern that caused soil erosion and the nitrogen nutrient loss in sugarcane in the research area, contributing more than 70% of the slope runoff, sediment yield and nitrogen loss. In different slope treatments, there were significant differences in the sediment amount under type C, sediment ammonium nitrogen loss under type A and runoff ammonium loss under type B.(3)Rain pattern and sugarcane growth period had significant effects on runoff, sediment and those nitrogen loss on sugarcane slope(p<0.01), and the effect was higher than that of slope, interaction between slope and rain pattern, interaction between slope and growth period. Compared with runoff and those nitrogen loss, slope and its interaction with rain pattern and growth period showed more prominent effects on erosion sediment and nitrogen loss. [Conclusion]The slope had a more significant influence on the sediment and nitrogen nutrient loss process of sugarcane slope. The soil erosion and nitrogen nutrient loss were greatest in the tillering period, mainly contributed by type B and type C.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-09-25 修回日期:2023-11-19
资助项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41967010); 广西自然科学基金项目(2018GXNSFBA138024)
第一作者:韦美敬(1999—),女(壮族),广西来宾人,硕士研究生,研究方向为坡面土壤侵蚀及养分流失。E-mail:1361466400@qq.com
通信作者:李桂芳(1987—)女,河南商丘人,博士,讲师,研究方向为农田水土流失及其对生态环境的影响。E-mail:lifangdyx@163.com