Ma Liping,Liu Bo,Chen Zhengchao,et al.Research on the Distribution Patterns and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlement Based on High Resolution Data[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(04):395-407.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.04.011]
基于高分辨率数据的农村居民点分布格局及影响因素研究
- Title:
- Research on the Distribution Patterns and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlement Based on High Resolution Data
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)04-0395-13
- Keywords:
- rural settlements; spatial pattern; high-resolution data; karst areas
- 分类号:
- K901.8
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]剖析高分辨率视角下西南农村居民点大区域分布特征,探讨不同因素对农村居民点空间分布的影响,为农村居民点空间发展提供科学依据。[方法]针对当前研究中“区域性规律”和“内部精细结构”难以兼顾的不足,基于高分辨率农村居民点数据,采用核密度、空间热点探测、可达性分析和地理探测器等方法,从全域和斑块尺度研究了广西农村居民点空间分布特征,进一步分析自然因素、区位因素和社会经济因素对农村居民点空间分布的影响。[结果](1)研究区农村居民点整体分布呈显著集聚型,以小规模、低密度、复杂形状为主要分布特征。全省农村居民点平均密度为5.59个/km2,规模和形状均呈现显著高值聚集特征。(2)农村居民点分布具有显著分异性,随着高程和坡度的增加,以及耕地、道路和水域可达性的减小,农村居民点总面积、规模和密度呈现递减趋势。不同地质背景居民点空间分布差异较大,喀斯特区农村居民点分布总面积少但规模较大,形状更复杂、密度更低。(3)自然、区位和社会经济等不同因素对农村居民点分布的影响具有明显的差异性,社会经济因素对农村居民点分布总面积具有较强的“决定力”,区位因素特别是耕地与道路对农村居民点分布规模和形状具有主导作用,而对农村居民点分布密度影响最重要的是自然因素。[结论]广西农村居民点空间分布地域差异性显著,不同因子对农村居民点产生显著效果。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]The aims of this study are to analyze the characteristics of large-area distribution of rural settlements in southwest China from a high-resolution perspective, to explore the influence of different factors on the spatial distribution of rural settlements, and to provide a scientific basis for the spatial development of rural settlements. [Methods]With respect to the prevailing research inadequacies that struggle to balance ‘regional rules' with ‘internal fine structure', this study leveraged high-resolution rural settlement data, utilized kernel density, spatial hotspot detection, accessibility analysis, and geographic detectors to analyze the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Guangxi. At both global and patch scales, we investigated the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements, further analyzed the impact of natural, locational, and socio-economic factors on this spatial distribution. [Results](1)The overall distribution of rural settlements in the study area was significantly clustered, mainly characterized by small-scale, low-density, and complex shapes. The average density of rural settlements throughout the province was 5.59 per km2, with both scale and shape exhibiting significant clustering features of high values.(2)The distribution of rural settlements demonstrated notable differentiation. With the increase of elevation and slope, as well as the decrease of accessibility to farmland, roads, and water areas, the total area, scale, and density of rural settlements showed a declining trend. There was a large disparity in the spatial distribution of settlements under different geological backgrounds. Rural settlements in karst areas had a smaller total area but larger scale, more complex shape, and lower density.(3)Different factors such as natural, locational, and socio-economic variables had distinctly different influences on the distribution of rural settlements. Socio-economic factors had a strong ‘determining power' on the total area of rural settlement distribution. Locational factors, namely farmland and roads, played a dominant role in the scale and shape of rural settlement distribution. In contrast, natural factors exerted the most significant influence on the distribution density of rural settlements. [Conclusion]The spatial distribution of rural settlements in Guangxi has significant regional differences, and different factors have significant effects on rural settlements.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-09-01 修回日期:2023-09-21
资助项目:国家自然科学基金“融合成像机理与深度学习的复杂目标识别研究”(42071407)
第一作者:马丽萍(1999—),女,青海海北人,硕士研究生,研究方向为地表环境信息获取与遥感监测。E-mail:20211211029@nuist.edu.cn
通信作者:刘波(1984—),男,内蒙古乌兰察布人,博士,副研究员,主要从事生态遥感、高光谱遥感以及遥感大数据应用研究。E-mail:boxueyu_liu@hotmail.com