Li Hai,Shen Peng,L Kai,et al.Effect of Row Ratio Configuration of Maize Intercropping Soybean on Soil and Water Loss in Slope Farmland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(04):11-19.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.04.004]
玉米间作大豆行比配置对坡耕地水土流失的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Row Ratio Configuration of Maize Intercropping Soybean on Soil and Water Loss in Slope Farmland
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)04-0011-09
- Keywords:
- row ratio configuration; soil erosion; sloping farmland; intercropping
- 分类号:
- S157.4
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]探究玉米间作大豆不同行比配置的水土流失规律,为坡耕地具有水土保持效果的玉米间作大豆模式推广利用提供科学依据。[方法]在坡耕地条件下以玉米间作大豆为研究对象,选定坡度(10°,16°,22°)和降雨强度(40,80,120 mm/h),通过人工模拟降雨试验,探究玉米、大豆单作及玉米‖大豆2:1(2行玉米间作1行大豆),2:2,2:3,2:4行比配置的水土流失特征。[结果]玉米‖大豆2:4行比配置较玉米单作、玉米‖大豆2:1,2:2,2:3行比配置、大豆单作地表径流量平均减少64.23%,57.19%,31.17%,10.12%,0.36%,侵蚀量平均减少82.90%,80.75%,46.53%,29.78%,36.33%,地表径流产流时间平均延缓101.55%,49.06%,23.13%,30.77%,0.82%。雨强和径流产生时间、入渗流产生时间呈极显著负相关,和径流量、侵蚀量呈极显著正相关,坡度和径流产生时间呈显著负相关,在高雨强、高坡度下间作较大豆单作水土保持效果表现更好。[结论]总体来看,玉米‖大豆2:4行比配置在不同雨强和坡度下水土保持效果较好,是一种合理可行的山区坡耕地作物多样性种植方式。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]The aims of this study are to explore the soil erosion patterns of maize intercropping soybean with different row ratios, and to provide scientific basis for the promotion and utilization of maize intercropping soybean models with soil and water conservation effects in sloping farmland. [Methods]Taking maize intercropping with soybean as the research object under the condition of sloping farmland, the slope(10°, 16°, 22°)and rainfall intensity(40, 80, 120 mm/h)were selected. Through the artificial rainfall simulation experiment, the soil and water loss characteristics of maize, soybean monoculture and maize intercropping with soybean 2:1(two rows of maize intercropping with one row of soybean), 2:2, 2:3, 2:4 row ratio were explored. [Results]Compared with maize monoculture, maize intercropping with soybean 2:1, 2:2, 2:3 row ratio, and soybean monoculture, the surface runoff of maize intercropping with soybean 2:4 row ratio decreased by 64.23%, 57.19%, 31.17%, 10.12%, 0.36%, the erosion amount decreased by 82.90%, 80.75%, 46.53%, 29.78%, 36.33%, and the runoff time was delayed by 101.55%, 49.06%, 23.13%, 30.77%, 0.82% on average. Rainfall intensity was negatively correlated with runoff generation time and infiltration generation time, and positively correlated with runoff and erosion, while slope was negatively correlated with runoff generation time. Soil and water conservation effect of intercropping was better than that of soybean monoculture under high rainfall intensity and high slope. [Conclusion]In general, the 2:4 row ratio of maize and soybean intercropping has better soil and water conservation effect under different rainfall intensity and slope, which is a reasonable and feasible crop diversity planting method in mountainous slope farmland.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-06-30 修回日期:2023-08-30
资助项目:国家自然科学基金(31660378); 云南省重大科技专项绿色食品国际合作研究中心项目(2019ZG00902)
第一作者:李海(1999—),男,甘肃酒泉人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物多样性种植与山地可持续农业。E-mail:15097220154@163.com
通信作者:安曈昕(1974—),男,陕西西安人,博士,教授,主要从事作物品种与生态农业可持续发展。E-mail:tongxinan2012@163.com