YANG Yonghui,WU Jiabin,WU Jicheng,et al.Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Distribution and Water Use Characteristics of Wheat Under Different Irrigation Methods[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(03):260-267.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.03.012]
不同灌溉方式下氢、氧同位素分布与小麦水分利用特征
- Title:
- Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Distribution and Water Use Characteristics of Wheat Under Different Irrigation Methods
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2023)03-0260-08
- Keywords:
- drip irrigation; stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes; moisture movement; winter wheat; water use
- 分类号:
- S275.3; S275.6
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]探明不同灌溉方式对小麦水分利用的贡献率及小麦根系吸水规律,可为合理应用灌溉用水提供科学依据。[方法]利用稳定氢氧同位素示踪法,研究了防雨棚条件下常规灌溉(X)与滴灌(D)不同灌水量条件下(X1,D1:15 mm; X2,D2:30 mm; X3,D3:45 mm)冬小麦生长期间土壤水稳定同位素变化特征,以及土壤耗水强度、光合生理特征及水分利用特征。[结果]随小麦生育期的推进,根系吸水逐渐加深。在拔节期小麦主要利用0—20 cm深度的土壤水; 在抽穗期X2,D1和D2处理主要利用了0—20 cm土层的水分,但X1处理主要利用了60—80 cm土层的水分,占53.9%,X3处理主要利用了40—60 cm土层的水分,占77.0%。而D3处理主要利用了0—60 cm土层的水分,占80.0%; 到灌浆期,X1和X2处理主要利用了0—60 cm土层的水分,分别占86.2%和90.6%,而X3处理主要利用了40—60 cm土层的水分,占73.9%。而D1和D2处理不同土层的水分利用比例较均匀,分别介于7.1%～27.8%和13.0%～38.2%之间。D3处理主要利用了20—40 cm土层的水分,占51.0%。除抽穗—灌浆期中水处理(D2)及灌浆—收获期高水处理(D3)外,滴灌均有效降低了小麦的日耗水量。与常规灌溉相比,滴灌D2和D3处理更利于提高小麦的光合速率和叶片水分利用效率。此外,滴灌处理在小麦抽穗期和收获期均有效提高了小麦的生物量。最终,滴灌较常规耕作小麦产量提高了21.6%～28.0%和水分利用效率提高了24.4%～36.7%,均以D2处理最高。相关分析表明:小麦生长过程中,抽穗期0—20 cm土层水分贡献率和灌浆期80—100 cm土层的水分贡献率的提高对于其产量与水分利用效率的提高更为有利。[结论]滴灌更利于提供均匀的水分供给作物,同时减少水分无效蒸发,提高作物产量和水分利用率。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]Ascertaining the contribution rate of different irrigation methods to wheat water use and the water absorption law of wheat root system can provide a scientific basis for the rational application of irrigation water. [Methods] Based on hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope tracing method, the characteristics of soil water stable isotope change during winter wheat growth under conventional irrigation(X)and drip irrigation(D)(X1, D1:15 mm; X2, D2:30 mm; X3 and D3:45 mm)were studied. [Results] The absorption of water deepened with the advancement of the wheat growth period. Soil moisture in 0—20 cm depth was mainly consumed by wheat in the jointing stage under different treatments. In the heading stage, X2, D1, and D2 treatments mainly used soil moisture in 0—20 cm layer, but X1 treatment mainly used soil moisture in 60—80 cm layer, accounting for 53.9%, and X3 treatment mainly used soil moisture in 40—60 cm, accounting for 77.0%. D3 treatment mainly used soil moisture in 0—60 cm layer accounting for 80.0%. In the filling stage, X1 and X2 treatments mainly used soil moisture in 0—60 cm, accounting for 86.2%, and 90.6%, respectively, while X3 treatment mainly used soil moisture in 40—60 cm layer, accounting for 73.9%. However, the water use ratio of different soil layers of D1 and D2 treatments were more uniform, ranging between 7.1%～27.8% and 13.0%～38.2%, respectively. The D3 treatment mainly utilized the water in the 20—40 cm soil layer, accounting for 51.0%. Drip irrigation, except for D2 and D3 treatments, could effectively reduce the daily water consumption of wheat. Compared with conventional irrigation, D2 and D3 treatments were more beneficial to improve the photosynthetic rate and leaf water use efficiency of wheat. Moreover, drip irrigation treatment effectively improved the wheat biomass during both the heading and harvest periods. Finally, wheat yield and water use efficiency under the drip irrigation condition increased by 21.6%～28.0% and 24.4%～36.7%, respectively, compared with conventional irrigation conditions, and the D2 treatment resulted in the highest among different treatments. The related analysis showed that during the growth process of wheat, the increment of water contribution rate of 0—20 cm layer in the heading growth stage and 80～100 cm layer in the filling growth stage was more conducive to improving the yield and water use efficiency. [Conclusion] Drip irrigation is more conducive to providing uniform water supply to crops, and reducing ineffective evaporation of water and improving crop yield and water utilization.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2022-05-05 修回日期:2022-05-13
资助项目:河南省重大科技专项(221100110700); 河南省农业科学院自主创新资金项目(2023ZC038); 内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项资金项目(2021CG0003)
第一作者:杨永辉(1978—),男,陕西西安人,博士,副研究员,研究方向为水肥资源利用与管理。E-mail:yangyongh2020@126.com
通信作者:杨先明(1979—),男,河南固始县人,硕士研究生,高级农艺师,主要从事植物营养与新型肥料、土肥检测、农业信息化技术与装备等方面的研究工作。E-mail:277921230@qq.com