MA Gangan,LI Guanglu,MU Xudong,et al.Effects of Raindrop Diameter on Topsoil Structure and Infiltration Characteristics[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(06):104-111.
雨滴直径对表土结构和入渗特征的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Raindrop Diameter on Topsoil Structure and Infiltration Characteristics
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2022)06-0104-08
- 分类号:
- S152.7
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为探究雨滴击溅对表层土壤结构和入渗特征的影响,揭示土壤微结构与入渗间的深层关联,以黄土高原土为对象,采用模拟降雨、同步辐射CT扫描和入渗试验,系统地分析了不同雨滴击溅作用下土壤结构变化与入渗速率间的关系。结果表明:(1)击溅土壤结构发生变化,团聚体数量和三维分形维数显著增加,孔隙体积和大孔隙率显著减小。雨滴直径越大,击溅后的团聚体破碎程度越强,孔隙堵塞率最高达46.40%。(2)雨滴击溅下,破碎的团聚体堵塞孔隙,在土壤表层形成致密低渗的结皮层,结皮强度随雨滴直径和击溅次数的增加逐渐增加。(3)土壤入渗速率随雨滴直径和击溅次数的增加逐渐减小,经过3次雨滴击溅后减渗效应最高可达91.81%。(4)土壤稳渗速率与雨滴直径和土壤结构特征参数呈显著指数关系变化。研究表明,雨滴直径显著影响表层土壤结构和入渗特征,雨滴直径越大,土壤结构越分散,土壤入渗能力越低。
- Abstract:
- In order to investigate the effect of raindrop splash on the topsoil structure and its infiltration characteristics, and to reveal the deep relationship between soil microstructure and infiltration, simulated rainfall, synchrotron radiation CT scanning and infiltration tests were used to analyse the relationship between the soil structure and infiltration capacity of Lou soil on the Loess Plateau under different raindrop splashing conditions. The results show that:(1)The structure of the disturbed soil was altered, and the number of aggregates and the three-dimensional fractal dimension degree were significantly increased. At the same time, the pore volume and macro-porosity were significantly reduced. The larger the diameter of raindrop, the stronger the degree of fragmentation and the pore clogging rate reached as high as 46.40%;(2)Under the splash of raindrops, the broken aggregates blocked the pores, and thus a dense and low permeable crust was formed on the topsoil, the crust strength increased with the increase of raindrop diameter and splash frequencies;(3)With increasing splash frequencies and raindrop diameters, the infiltration rate decreased gradually. Three splashes later, the infiltration reduction effect reached 91.81%;(4)The steady infiltration rate changed significantly and exponentially with the raindrop's diameter and soil structure parameters. The results showed that the raindrop diameter significantly affected the topsoil structure and infiltration characteristics. The larger the raindrop diameter was, the more dispersed the soil structure was, and the lower the infiltration capacity of soil was.
参考文献/References:
[1] 李光录,吴发启,赵小风,等.雨滴击溅下薄层水流的输沙机理研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(9):149-154.
[2] 付玉,李光录,郑腾辉,等.雨滴击溅对耕作层土壤团聚体粒径分布的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(3):155-160.
[3] Assouline S. Rainfall-induced soil surface sealing: A critical review of observations, conceptual models, and solutions[J]. Vadose Zone Journal,2004,3(2):570-591.
[4] Legout C, Leguédois S, Le Bissonnais Y, et al. Splash distance and size distributions for various soils[J]. Geoderma,2005,124(3/4):279-292.
[5] Fu Y, Li G, Zheng T, et al. Impact of raindrop characteristics on the selective detachment and transport of aggregate fragments in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2016,80(4):1071-1077.
[6] Ellison W D. Some effects of raindrops and surface-flow on soil erosion and infiltration[J]. Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union,1945,26(3):415-429.
[7] 郁耀闯,张光辉.黄土丘陵区典型农耕地土壤稳定入渗率季节变化[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):8-11,17.
[8] He Z, Jia G, Liu Z, et al. Field studies on the influence of rainfall intensity, vegetation cover and slope length on soil moisture infiltration on typical watersheds of the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Hydrological Processes,2020,34(25):4904-4919.
[9] 解文艳,樊贵盛.土壤结构对土壤入渗能力的影响[J].太原理工大学学报,2004,35(4):381-384.
[10] 杨帆,张洪江,程金花,等.基于模拟降雨的北京褐土坡地土壤团粒流失特征试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(8):137-145,215.
[11] Wang X, Cammeraat E L H, Cerli C, et al. Soil aggregation and the stabilization of organic carbon as affected by erosion and deposition[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2014,72:55-65.
[12] 路培,王林华,吴发启.不同降雨强度下土壤结皮强度对侵蚀的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(8):141-146.
[13] Liu B, Ma R, Fan H. Evaluation of the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on pore structure characteristics of black soil using X-ray computed tomography[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2021,206:104810.
[14] Yang M, Fu Y, Li G, et al. Microcharacteristics of soil pores after raindrop action[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2020,84(5):1693-1704.
[15] 孙梅,黄运湘,孙楠,等.农田土壤孔隙及其影响因素研究进展[J].土壤通报,2015,46(1):233-238.
[16] Heathman G C, Larose M, Cosh M H, et al. Surface and profile soil moisture spatio-temporal analysis during an excessive rainfall period in the Southern Great Plains, USA[J]. Catena, 2009,78:159-169.
[17] Li Y Y, Shao M A. Change of soil physical properties under long-term natural vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2006,64(1):77-96.
[18] Huang Z, Tian F P, Wu G L, et al. Legume grasslands promote precipitation infiltration better than gramineous grasslands in arid regions[J]. Land Degradation & Development,2017,28(1):309-316.
[19] 吴发启,范文波.土壤结皮与降雨溅蚀的关系研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(3):1-3.
[20] Katz A J, Thompson A H. Fractal sandstone pores: implications for conductivity and pore formation[J]. Physical Review Letters,1985,54(12).DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.1325.
[21] 张登科,宋珍珍.不同连作年限下土壤物理性质对土壤饱和导水率空间分布的影响[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究),2018,3(10):41-47.
[22] Farres P J, Portsmouth. Some observations on the stability of soil aggregates to raindrop impact[J]. Catena,1980,7:223-231.
[23] Peth S, Horn R, Beckmann F, et al. Three-dimensional quantification of intra-aggregate pore-space features using synchrotron-radiation-based microtomography[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2008,72(4):897-907.
[24] Lin H S, Mcinnes K J, Wilding L P. Effective porosity and flow rate with infiltration at low tensions into a well-structured subsoil[J]. Transactions of the Asae, 1996,39:131-135.
[25] 陈琳,王健,宋鹏帅,等.降雨对坡耕地地表结皮土壤水稳性团聚体变化研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(1):98-105.
[26] 胡波,王玉杰,王彬,等.自然降雨条件下结皮层团聚体稳定性变化特征研究[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):225-231.
[27] 唐泽军,雷廷武,张晴雯,等.雨滴溅蚀和结皮效应对土壤侵蚀影响的试验研究[J].土壤学报,2004,41(4):632-635.
[28] Carmi G, Abudi I, Berliner P. An experimental study to assess the effect of the energy and the electrolyte concentration of rain drops on the infiltration properties of naturally crusted soils[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2018,152:69-74.
[29] Giménez D, Allmaras R R, Huggins D R, et al. Prediction of the saturated hydraulic conductivity-porosity dependence using fractals[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1997,61(5):1285-1292.
[30] Lipiec J, Ku'/s J, Sowińska-Jurkiewicz A, et al. Soil porosity and water infiltration as influenced by tillage methods[J]. Soil and Tillage research,2006,89(2):210-220.
相似文献/References:
[1]李光录,庞小明,姚军.雨滴击溅对薄层漫流的扰动能力与输沙特征[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(02):24.
LI Guang-lu,PANG Xiao-ming,YAO Jun.The Disturbed Ability and Sediment Transport of Shallow Flow under Raindrop Impact[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(06):24.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2021-08-14 修回日期:2021-09-14
资助项目:国家自然科学基金“黄土高原土壤侵蚀过程中团聚体循环破坏”(41571262)
第一作者:马敢敢(1997—),男,山东临沂人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤侵蚀。E-mail:18954976029@163.com
通信作者:李光录(1964—),男,甘肃永靖人,博士,教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀与土地利用研究。E-mail:guangluli@nwsuaf.edu.cn