WANG Zhen,WU Jinhua,BAI Shuai,et al.Spatiotemporal Changes of Sloping Farmland Resources and Its Soil Erosion Effects in Yan'an City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(03):1-11.
延安市坡耕地资源时空变化及其土壤侵蚀效应
- Title:
- Spatiotemporal Changes of Sloping Farmland Resources and Its Soil Erosion Effects in Yan'an City
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2022)03-0001-11
- Keywords:
- sloping farmland; spatiotemporal changes; soil erosion; RUSLE model; geographically weighted regression model; Loess Plateau
- 分类号:
- S157
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为研究黄土高原坡耕地利用变化与土壤侵蚀变化的时空联系,以延安市的坡耕地与土壤侵蚀强度为研究对象,运用坡耕地动态度、土地利用转移矩阵、核密度分析、RUSLE模型、地理加权回归模型等方法,阐明了坡耕地与土壤侵蚀强度的时空演变规律,揭示了坡耕地时空变化带来的土壤侵蚀效应。结果表明:(1)1990—2018年,延安市坡耕地总面积经历了“上升→下降→下降”的变化,总体坡耕地动态度为-0.68%/a。缓坡耕地、陡坡耕地、峭坡耕地面积均减少,减少的剧烈程度为峭坡耕地>陡坡耕地>缓坡耕地。(2)1990—2018年延安市坡耕地最主要的转入和转出的土地利用类型均为草地和林地,其中转入、转出面积最大的坡耕地类型均为陡坡耕地。(3)1990—2018年年间延安市的缓坡耕地主要集中在南部北洛河沿岸,陡坡耕地与峭坡耕地集中在北部丘陵沟壑区。坡耕地减少区域分布在延河沿岸、清涧河—永坪川沿岸与西北部北洛河沿岸; 西部葫芦河沿岸坡耕地少量增加,主要的增加类型是陡坡耕地与峭坡耕地。(4)1990—2018年延安市的土壤水力侵蚀状况显著改善,土壤侵蚀模数大部分区域均有减少,主要增加区分布在西部葫芦河与北洛河之间的土石山区、西南土石山区、延河与西川的交界地带。(5)1990—2018年延安市不同类型坡耕地动态变化区域的土壤侵蚀模数总体下降,土壤侵蚀变化的剧烈程度为峭坡耕地>陡坡耕地>缓坡耕地。不同类型坡耕地动态变化区域的土壤侵蚀量强烈减少区在空间上均呈现出左开口的“C”字形,其空间分布格局受植被覆盖度变化、降雨侵蚀力变化和水土保持措施因子变化影响,影响力大小为植被覆盖变化>降雨侵蚀力变化>水土保持措施因子变化。
- Abstract:
- In order to study the spatiotemporal relationship between the use of sloping farmland and the change of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau, we took the sloping farmland and soil erosion intensity in Yan'an City as the research object, and used sloping farmland dynamic, land use transfer matrix, kernel density analysis, RUSLE model, geographically weighted regression model, etc, to clarify the spatiotemporal evolution of sloping farmland and soil erosion intensity, and the soil erosion effect brought by spatiotemporal changes of sloping farmland was revealed. The results show that:(1)from 1990 to 2018, the total area of sloping farmland in Yan'an City experienced a change of ‘rise→decrease→decrease', and the overall dynamic degree of slope farmland was -0.68%/a; from 1990 to 2018, the area of gentle sloping farmland, steep sloping farmland, and precipitous sloping farmland all decreased, and the sharpness of the decrease was precipitous sloping farmland>steep sloping farmland>gentle sloping farmland;(2)from 1990 to 2018, the most critical land use types of sloping farmland transferred in and out of Yan'an City were grassland and woodland, among which the type of sloping farmland with the largest transfer area was steep sloping farmland;(3)from 1990 to 2018, the gentle sloping farmland in Yan'an City mainly concentrated along the Beiluo River in the south, and steep sloping farmland and precipitous sloping farmland concentrated in the hilly and gully areas in the north; the areas with reduced sloping farmland distributed along the Yan River, along the Qingjian River-Yongping River, and along the Beiluo River in the northwest; the sloping farmland along the Hulu River in the west increased slightly, and the main types of increase were steep sloping farmland and precipitous slope farmland;(4)from 1990 to 2018, the soil water erosion situation in Yan'an City was significantly improved; the soil erosion modulus decreased in most areas; the main increase areas were located in the rocky mountainous area between the Hulu River and Beiluo River in the west, the rocky mountainous area in the southwest, the junction area of Yan River and Xichuan River;(5)from 1990 to 2018, the soil erosion modulus of the dynamic change areas of different types of sloping farmland in Yan'an City decreased overall, and the severity of soil erosion changes was precipitous sloping farmland>steep sloping farmland>gentle sloping farmland; different types of sloping farmland had a strong reduction in soil erosion in the areas with dynamic changes. All areas had a left-open ‘C' shape in space, and their spatial distribution pattern was affected by changes of vegetation coverage, changes of rainfall erosivity, and changes of water and soil conservation measures. The magnitude of influence was change of vegetation cover>change of rainfall erosivity>change of water and soil conservation measures.
参考文献/References:
[1] 史东梅,蒋光毅,蒋平,等.土壤侵蚀因素对紫色丘陵区坡耕地耕层质量影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(13):270-279.
[2] 谢俊奇.中国坡耕地[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2005.
[3] 国土资源部,国家统计局·关于第二次全国土地调查主要数据成果的公报[EB/OL].(2013-12-30)[2021-4-23]. http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2013-12/31/content_2557453.htm.
[4] 刘彦随,郑伟元.中国土地可持续利用论[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[5] 陈正发,史东梅,何伟,等.1980—2015年云南坡耕地资源时空分布及演变特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(15):256-265.
[6] 罗光杰,王世杰,李阳兵,等.岩溶地区坡耕地时空动态变化及其生态服务功能评估[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(11):233-243.
[7] 刘文超,刘纪远,匡文慧.陕北地区退耕还林还草工程土壤保护效应的时空特征[J].地理学报,2019,74(9):1835-1852.
[8] Di B, Yang Z, Liu L, et al. The regionalized ecological, economic and social benefit of China's sloping cropland erosion control during the 12 th five-year plan(2011—2015)[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2020,276:111314, https://doi.org/10,1016/j.jenvman.2020.111314.
[9] Koh I H, Roh H, Hwang W, et al. Reducing soil loss of sloped land using lime-organic compost mixtures under rainfall simulation[J]. Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, 2018,23(3):43-50.
[10] 国家林业和草原局.退耕还林20载长出一片美“江南”[EB/OL].(2019-09-04)[2021-4-23]. http://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/437/20190904/093825484412673. html.
[11] 王权,李阳兵,胡先培,等.岩溶槽谷区坡耕地利用的时空演变特征及驱动机制[J].生态与农村环境学报,2020,36(1):53-61.
[12] 陈利,朱喜钢.中国城镇化的地域非均衡及其动态演进:来自基尼系数及核密度估计的经验证据[J].统计与信息论坛,2017,32(5):76-84.
[13] 章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705-711.
[14] Wischmeier W H, Johnson C B, Cross B V. Soil erodibility nomograph for farmland and construction sites[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1971,26(5):189-193.
[15] Williams J R, Jones C A, Dyke P T. A modeling approach to determining the relationship between erosion and soil productivity[J]. Transactions of the Asae, 1984,27(1):129-0144.
[16] 杨子生.滇东北山区坡耕地土壤可蚀性因子[J].山地学报,1999,17(10):11-16.
[17] McCool D K, Foster G R, Mutchler C K, et al. Revised slope length factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation[J]. Transactions of the Asae, 1989,32(5):1571-1576.
[18] Liu B Y, Nearing M A, Risse L M. Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J]. Transactions of the Asae, 1994,37(6):1835-1840.
[19] 蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[20] Lufafa A, Tenywa M M, Isabirye M, et al. Prediction of soil erosion in a Lake Victoria basin catchment using a GIS-based Universal Soil Loss model[J]. Agricultural Systems, 2003,76(3):883-894.
[21] 王萌,刘云,宋超,等.基于RUSLE模型的2000—2010年长江三峡库区土壤侵蚀评价[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):12-17.
[22] 陈金珂,蒲俊兵,李建鸿,等.典型岩溶流域不同坡度等级下的土壤侵蚀与石漠化分布特征耦合分析[J].水土保持研究,2020,27(5):1-9.
[23] 翟睿洁,赵文武,贾立志.基于RUSLE, InVEST和USPED的土壤侵蚀量估算对比研究:以陕北延河流域为例[J].农业现代化研究,2020,41(6):1059-1068.
[24] Fotheringham A S, Charlton M E, Brunsdon C. Geographically weighted regression:a natural evolution of the expansion method for spatial data analysis[J]. Environment and Planning A,1998,30(11):1905-1927.
[25] 张显源,蔡忠亮,李桂娥,等.耕地景观破碎化成因及对农村收入影响分析[J].测绘科学,2020,45(4):134-141.
[26] 刘彦文,刘成武,何宗宜,等.基于地理加权回归模型的武汉城市圈生态用地时空演变及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2020,31(3):987-998.
[27] Tomoki Nakaya. Local spatial interaction modelling based on the geographically weighted regression approach[J]. Geojournal, 2001,53(4):347-358.
相似文献/References:
[1]宋玥,张忠学.不同耕作措施对黑土坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(02):14.
SONG Yue,ZHANG Zhong-xue.The Effect of Different Tillage Measures on Soil Erosion in Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(03):14.
[2]康万利,揭雨成,邢虎成.南方坡耕地种植苎麻水土保持效果和经济效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):86.
KANG Wan-li,JIE Yu-cheng,XING Hu-cheng.Study of Soil-Water Conservation Effects and Economic Benefit of Ramie in South Slope Crop Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):86.
[3]吴素业.皖西南山区坡耕地水土流失防治措施[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(04):38.
Wu Suye.The Control Practice of Water and Soil Loss in Hillside Fields of Southwestern Mountain Area of Anhui Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(03):38.
[4]林永知.丘陵地区坡耕地水土流失动态监测分析[J].水土保持研究,1997,4(01):120.
Lin Yongzhi.Analysis on the Dynamic Monitoring of Soil and Water Loss of Slope Farmland in Hilly Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1997,4(03):120.
[5]高岚,王振颖.辽宁省坡耕地资源普查及成果分析[J].水土保持研究,1997,4(04):44.
Gao Lan,Wang Zhenying.General Survey of Hillyland Resources and Result Analysis in Liaoning Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1997,4(03):44.
[6]孙景华,杨玉阁,张本家,等.辽北低山丘陵区坡耕地水土流失规律研究[J].水土保持研究,1997,4(04):65.
Sun Jinghua,Yang Yuge,Zhang Benjia,et al.Hilly Field Erosion Regulation in Low Mountain Region of Northern Liaoning[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1997,4(03):65.
[7]庞小明.坡耕地地膜小麦栽培技术研究初报[J].水土保持研究,1998,5(04):62.
Pang Xiaoming.The Culture Technology of Plastic Film Wheat in Slope Field[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,5(03):62.
[8]彭珂珊.黄土高原水土流失区退耕还林(草)的基本思路[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(02):164.
PENG Keshan.Thinking for Returning the Grain Plots to Forest and Grass Lands in Soil and Water Loess Areas on Loss Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(03):164.
[9]李凤,张如良.坡耕地实行保土耕作的效益试验分析[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(03):184.
LI Feng,ZHANG Ru-liang.Experiment Analysis on Cultivation by Conserving Soil in Sloping Fields[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(03):184.
[10]张永涛,王洪刚,李增印,等.坡改梯的水土保持效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(03):9.
ZHANG Yong-tao,WANG Hong-gang,LI Zeng-yin,et al.Soil and Water Conservation Benefits of Terracing on the Slope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(03):9.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2021-05-11 修回日期:2021-06-01
资助项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于坡位特征的黄丘区坡面植被恢复评价及模型构建”(41871190)
第一作者:王祯(1996—),男,云南昆明人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为土地保护与土地整治。E-mail:724492594@qq.com
通信作者:吴金华(1965—),女,陕西西安人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为土地信息系统与土地利用规划。E-mail:jinghuaw@chd.edu.cn