SHEN Lulu,YANG Yanfen,WU Jing,et al.Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Extreme Climate Events in the Yellow River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(02):231-242.
黄河流域极端气候事件时空变化规律
- Title:
- Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Extreme Climate Events in the Yellow River Basin
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2022)02-0231-12
- Keywords:
- extreme temperature; extreme precipitation; temporal and spatial distribution; Yellow River Basin
- 分类号:
- P467
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为分析黄河流域极端气温和极端降水的变化规律特征,利用黄河流域284个气象站点1969—2018年逐日最高气温、最低气温和降水量观测数据,采用国际通用的极端气候事件指数,以水系为空间单元分析了极端气候指数的时空变化特征。结果表明:空间尺度上,最高气温、最低气温、夏天日数和生长期长度呈东南高西北低的特征,日平均温差、霜冻、结冰日数呈相反特征; 除连续无雨日数外,其余极端降水指数均呈东南高、西北低的格局。时间尺度上,表征极端高温事件的最高气温、最低气温、夏天日数、生长期长度、暖夜、暖昼日数呈上升趋势,极端低温事件指数如霜冻、结冰、冷夜、冷昼日数呈下降趋势,研究区内7个水系的极端气温指数变化趋势相一致,甘宁、内蒙和黄河上游水系趋势较显著; 极端降水指数除连续无雨日数外均呈上升趋势,显著上升的站点主要集中于陕北和黄河上游水系。黄河流域气温整体均呈上升趋势,极端降水指数变化特征空间差异性较大。
- Abstract:
- Under the background of abnormal climate change, it is of great practical significance to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme precipitation and temperature. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of extreme climate events in the Yellow River Basin and its sub-regions were analyzed by using the international extreme climate event index based on the data of 284 meteorological stations from 1969 to 2018. The results show that: on the spatial scale, extreme maximum/minimum temperature, summer days and growing season length were greater in southeast and less in northwest of the Yellow River Basin, but the distribution of diurnal temperature range, frost days and ice days showed opposite trends; the high value area of warm spell duration indicator and cold spell duration indicator were located in the NSH(Northern Shaanxi)river system and IM(Inner Mongolia)river system, the low value area was located in the WH(Western Henan)river system; the spatial distribution of cool nights, warm nights, cool days and warm days were relatively uniform with small regional differences. Except for consecutive dry days, other extreme precipitation indices showed decreasing trends from southeast to northwest. On the temporal scale, the extreme temperature events such as extreme highest/lowest temperature, summer days, growing season length, warm days and warm nights showed increasing trends; all the indexes of the extreme low-temperature events such as frost days, ice days, cold nights and cold days presented the decreasing trends. The trend of extreme temperature index of seven sub-regions in the study area was consistent, and the stations with significant increase were mainly located in GN(Gansu and Ningxia)river system, IM river system and UYR(Upper stream of Yellow River)river system. Except for consecutive dry days, other extreme precipitation indices showed increasing trends. The stations with significant increase were mainly located in the UYR river system and NSH river system, and the NSH river system showed the most obvious increase trend. The stations with decreasing trend mainly distributed in the WR(Weihe River)river system and WH river system, but the decreasing trend was not significant. The stations where consecutive dry days decreased significantly and consecutive wet days increased significantly mainly concentrated in the UYR river system. On the whole, the temperature in the Yellow River Basin showed a rising trend, and the variation characteristics of extreme precipitation index showed the great spatial difference.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2021-04-16 修回日期:2021-04-22
资助项目:国家重点研发计划项目“黄土高原区域生态系统演变规律和维持机制研究”(2016YFC0501603)
第一作者:慎璐璐(1997—),女,河南新密人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤侵蚀与水文模拟。E-mail:shenlluu@163.com
通信作者:杨艳芬(1984—),女,宁夏银川人,助理研究员,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水文模拟研究。E-mail:yfyang@ms.iswc.ac.cn