[1]赵 艳,岳大鹏,赵景波,等.明代陕西黄土高原中南部地区洪涝灾害[J].水土保持研究,2021,28(05):187-195.
　ZHAO Yan,YUE Dapeng,ZHAO Jingbo,et al.Flood Disasters in the Central and Southern Loess Plateau of Shaanxi in Ming Dynasty[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(05):187-195.
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明代陕西黄土高原中南部地区洪涝灾害

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 28 期数: 2021年05期 页码: 187-195 栏目: 出版日期: 2021-08-20
Title:
Flood Disasters in the Central and Southern Loess Plateau of Shaanxi in Ming Dynasty
文章编号:
1005-3409(2021)05-0187-09
作者:
赵 艳1,2,岳大鹏1,赵景波1,2,刘 乐1
(1.陕西师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,西安 710119; 2.中国科学院 地球环境研究所 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安 710061)
Author(s):
ZHAO Yan1,2,YUE Dapeng1,ZHAO Jingbo1,2,LIU Le1
(1.School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,China)
关键词:
洪涝灾害;  发生周期;  小波分析;  明代;  黄土高原
Keywords:
flood disaster;  occurrence cycle;  wavelet analysis;  Ming Dynasty;  Loess Plateau
分类号:
P426.616
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为探寻陕西黄土高原地区洪涝发生规律,进而对该区的历史时期气候恢复及灾害预测防治提供帮助,搜集整理洪涝灾害历史文献记录,运用数理统计、小波分析等方法对陕西黄土高原中南部明代洪涝灾害等级、频次、周期和形成原因进行研究。结果表明:(1)陕西黄土高原中南部在明代277年内共发生洪涝灾害73次,平均3.78年1次。轻度洪涝、中度洪涝、大洪涝、特大洪涝分别占发生总次数的19.18%,61.64%,16.44%和2.74%,以轻度洪涝和中度洪涝为主。(2)可将明代陕西黄土高原中南部洪涝灾害划分成6个阶段,第1阶段到第6阶段分别在1368—1427年、1428—1487年、1488—1517年、1518—1567年、1568—1587年、1588—1644年。第1,3,5阶段为洪涝少发期,第2,4,6阶段为洪涝多发期。明代洪涝发生频次总体上呈上升趋势,明代中后期频次显著高于早期。(3)洪涝灾害季节分布多集中于夏秋两季。(4)明代陕西黄土高原中南部洪涝灾害存在4 a,6 a,20 a,58 a左右的发生周期。(5)明代陕西黄土高原中南部洪涝灾害的发生是自然因素和人为因素共同影响的结果,其发生主要是对气候变暖湿和夏季风活动增强的响应。城市设施不完善、过度开垦等人为因素对洪涝灾害也产生一定影响。综上,该地区洪涝灾害变化阶段明显,主要受自然因素的波动控制,为加强对该区洪涝灾害的防治,亟待进行相关的监测和管理。
Abstract:
In order to explore the regularity of floods in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province,and to provide help for the climate recovery and disaster prediction and prevention in the historical period of the region,this paper collected and sorted out the historical documents of floods,and used mathematical statistics,wavelet analysis and other methods to studied the flood disaster grade,frequency,cycle and causes in the central and southern part of Shaanxi Loess Plateau in the Ming Dynasty. Through the collection of relevant historical documents of flood disasters,mathematical statistics,wavelet analysis and other methods were used to study the flood disasters grade,frequency,cycle and cause of the Ming Dynasty in the central and southern Loess Plateau in Shaanxi. The results showed that:(1)the central and southern part of the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi experienced 73 floods in 277 years during the Ming Dynasty,with an average occurrence frequency of 3.78 years; mild floods,middle floods,great floods and serious floods accounted for 19.18%,61.64%,16.44%,and 2.74% of the total occurrences,respectively,and mild floods and middle floods were dominant;(2)it could be divided into six stages:1368—1427,1428—1487,1488—1517,1518—1567,1568—1587 and 1588—1644; the first,third and fifth stages were the periods with less floods,and the second,fourth and sixth stages were the periods with frequent floods; the frequency and level of flood disasters in the middle and late Ming Dynasty were significantly higher than those in the early period;(3)the distribution of flood disasters was mostly concentrated in summer and autumn;(4)in the Ming Dynasty,the flood disasters in the central and southern part of the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi had occurrence cycles of 4-year,6-year,20-year,and 58-year;(5)the occurrence of flood disasters in the central and southern Loess Plateau in the Ming Dynasty was the result of both natural and human factors; the warm and humid climate and the enhancement of summer monsoon activity were the main factors on flood disasters in Ming Dynasty in the study area,and the flood disasters were mainly the response to climate warming and humidity. The factors such as imperfect urban facilities and excessive reclamation also had some influence on the flood disasters. To sum up,the change stage of flood disasters in this area is obvious,which is mainly controlled by the fluctuation of natural factors. In order to strengthen the prevention and control of flood disasters in this area,relevant monitoring and management are urgently needed.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2020-10-14 修回日期:2020-10-28
资助项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(41930641); 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金课题(SKLLQG1934)
第一作者:赵艳(1997—),女,湖北襄阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水土资源评价与规划。E-mail:zhaoy97@snnu.edu.cn
通信作者:岳大鹏(1964—),男,陕西兴平人,博士,教授,主要从事自然地理土壤侵蚀和土地资源与环境研究。E-mail:yuedp@snnu.edu.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 2021-08-20