MA Xu,WANG Jinxin,ZHANG Yuyu,et al.Effects of Water and Fertilizer Conditions on Photosynthesis and Biomass of Two Forage Grasses in Coal Gangue Soil[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(01):179-187.
水肥条件对煤矸石土壤上两种牧草光合及生物量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Water and Fertilizer Conditions on Photosynthesis and Biomass of Two Forage Grasses in Coal Gangue Soil
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2021)01-0179-09
- Keywords:
- gangue field; net photosynthetic rate; biomass; water-fertilizer coupling; vegetation restoration; model optimization
- 分类号:
- S158.3
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 西北干旱荒漠区煤矸石排放数量巨大,占用了大量土地且造成了多种污染,为了解决植被恢复面临的水分短缺、蒸发力强和养分贫瘠等困难,保证煤矸石山土壤上典型牧草能够正常存活和生长良好,试验采用二次通用旋转组合设计,测定了不同水肥条件下草木樨和蒙古冰草的光合及生物量并建立了水肥耦合回归模型,得到了煤矸石山植被恢复中2种牧草的最优水肥方案。结果表明:土壤水分对2种牧草的光合及生物量最敏感; 磷肥对草木樨生长的贡献大于氮肥,氮肥对蒙古冰草生长的贡献大于磷肥; 草木樨的光合及生物量均远大于蒙古冰草。西北煤矸石山植被恢复的草本植物首选草木樨,其最优水肥方案为土壤相对含水量68.44%～71.84%,施氮量82.09～102.92 kg/hm2,施磷量139.92～192.58 kg/hm2。其次是蒙古冰草,其最优水肥方案为土壤相对含水量65.33%～71.11%,施氮量138.40～172.62 kg/hm2,施磷量82.09～117.91 kg/hm2。试验结果为西北干旱荒漠区采煤迹地植被恢复提供了理论依据和实践指导。
- Abstract:
- Coal mining activities produce a huge amount of coal gangue and other solid wastes, which are deposited in piles and replace a large area of arable land into bare land. Moreover, these mining activities are more severe in the arid desert area of northwest China where scarcity of water and nutrients plays a significant role in the vegetation restoration. A quadratic general rotary combination design was adopted to examine the influence of different doses of water and fertilizers on the photosynthesis and biomass of Melilotus albus Desr. and Agropyron mongolicum Keng grown in coal mine spoils. Moreover, to identify a suitable water and fertilizer doses for vegetation restoration in the coal gangue area of northwest China. The experimental results showed that soil water was most important factor for the net photosynthesis rate and biomass production of the two forage grasses, and also demonstrated that the influence of phosphorus fertilizer on growth of Melilotus albus Desr. was higher than that of nitrogen fertilizer, whereas the influence of nitrogen fertilizer on growth of Agropyron mongolicum Keng was higher than that of phosphorus fertilizer. The net photosynthesis rate and biomass production of Melilotus albus Desr. were greater higher than Agropyron mongolicum Keng, suggesting that planting Melilotus albus Desr. for revegetation purpose in the northwest coal gangue area with optimum water and fertilizer doses is the effective practice, which follows the pattern: soil relative water content 68.44%～71.84%, nitrogen application 82.09～102.92 kg/hm2, phosphorus application 139.92～192.58 kg/hm2. In addition, vegetation with Agropyron mongolicum Keng using soil relative water content of 65.33%～71.11%, nitrogen application of 138.40～172.62 kg/hm2, phosphorus application of 82.09～117.91 kg/hm2 can also be considered as a second option.
参考文献/References:
[1] 贺露红.煤矸石废弃地生态修复技术及环境效应研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[2] 许超,康鑫.煤矸石危害及其综合利用[J].环境科技,2010,23(S1):102-104.
[3] 吴琼.煤矸石对周边土壤环境的影响研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2010.
[4] Sun Y Z, Fan J S, Qin P, et al. Pollution extents of organic substances from a coal gangue dump of Jiulong Coal mine, China[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2009,31(1):81-89.
[5] 王洪丹,王金满,曹银贵,等.黄土区露天煤矿排土场土壤与地形因子对植被恢复的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):5098-5108.
[6] 王改玲,白中科.安太堡露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的主要限制因子及对策[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(1):38-40.
[7] 刘艳萍,梁占岐,何京丽,等.矿区排土场植被恢复节水灌溉措施研究[J].草原与草坪,2018,38(5):18-23.
[8] 潘德成,邓春晖,吴祥云,等.矿山复垦区土壤水分时空分布对植被恢复的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(3):96-100.
[9] 曹生奎,冯起,司建华,等.植物叶片水分利用效率研究综述[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):444-454.
[10] 温超,单玉梅,贾伟星,等.水肥耦合对科尔沁羊草割草场植物群落多样性和生产力的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(26):100-106.
[11] 谷裕,王金满,王洪丹,等.黄土区露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的水肥响应[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3233-3241.
[12] 王伟,张洪江,张成梁,等.煤矸石山植被恢复影响因子初探:以山西省阳泉市280煤矸石山为例[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(2):147-152.
[13] 魏忠义,王秋兵.大型煤矸石山植被重建的土壤限制性因子分析[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):179-182.
[14] Huang L, Zhang P, Hu Y G, et al. Soil water deficit and vegetation restoration in the refuse dumps of the Heidaigou open-pit coal mine, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2018,8(1):22-35.
[15] Leistner T, Peuker U A, Rudolph M. How gangue particle size can affect the recovery of ultrafine and fine particles during froth flotation[J]. minerals Engineering, 2017,109:1-9.
[16] 张婷,王曰鑫.煤矸石山生态恢复研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(5):380-382.
[17] 赵廷宁,张玉秀,曹兵,等.西北干旱荒漠区煤炭基地生态安全保障技术[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):1-5.
[18] 王仰麟,常青,谢苗苗,等.矿区生态风险评估与防范研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[19] 李丽,李宁,盛建东,等.施氮量和种植密度对紫花苜蓿生长及种子产量的影响[J].草地学报,2012,20(1):54-57.
[20] 苏富源,郝明德,郭慧慧,等.施用氮肥对人工羊草草地产量及养分吸收的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(4):233-236.
[21] Otto R, Krüsi B O, Burga C A, et al. Old-field succession along a precipitation gradient in the semi-arid coastal region of Tenerife[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2006,65(1):156-178.
[22] 徐苏男.水分胁迫及复水对结缕草生长生理和光合荧光特性的影响[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2012.
[23] 马宇飞.土壤水分胁迫下4种豆科牧草的水分生理与光合特性[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2009.
[24] 张金凤,徐雨晴.水氮添加对内蒙古多伦县退耕还草地生物量、生产力及其分配[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(2):192-200.
[25] 韩建国,李鸿祥,马春晖,等.施肥对草木樨生产性能的影响[J].草业学报,2000,9(1):16-27.
[26] 姜慧敏.豆科牧草与禾本科牧草的根系特征与生理生态指标的比较研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2013.
[27] Bronson K F, Booker J D, Bordovsky J P, et al. Site-specific irrigation and nitrogen management for cotton production in the southern high plains[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2006,98(1):212-219.
[28] 尹光华,刘作新,陈温福,等.水肥耦合条件下春小麦叶片的光合作用[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2006,42(1):40-43.
[29] 杜灵通,徐友宁,宫菲,等.宁东煤炭基地植被生态特征及矿业开发对其的影响[J].地质通报,2018,37(12):95-103.
相似文献/References:
[1]时亚坤,李凯荣,闫宝环.铜川三里洞煤矿煤矸石风化土壤重金属分布及污染状况分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):187.
SHI Ya-kun,LI Kai-rong,YAN Bao-huan.Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Weathered Soil in Sanlidong Coal Mine of Tongchuan[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):187.
[2]王庆林,朱宗泽,张永领.山西省王庄煤矿生态恢复模式研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(05):265.
WANG Qing-lin,ZHU Zong-ze,ZHANG Yong-ling.Research on Ecological Restoration Modes of Wangzhuang Coal Mine in Shanxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(01):265.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-12-31 修回日期:2020-04-01
资助项目:国家基础研发计划项目子课题“采煤迹地植被重建与保育技术研究”(2017YFC0504402-4)资助; 国家级大学生科技创新项目(201910712051)
第一作者:马戌(1994—),男,甘肃平凉人,硕士,研究方向是林草生态工程。E-mail:maxu_xnsbs@163.com
通信作者:王进鑫(1962—),男,甘肃镇原人,博士,教授,主要从事旱区人工林生态系统水分运移调控与生态恢复理论研究。E-mail:jwang118@126.com