CHEN Wei,CHEN Li,SUN Congjian,et al.Spatial Distribution of Water Requirements for Different Crops in North Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,27(05):166-171,176.
黄土高原东部主要作物需水量空间分布规律
- Title:
- Spatial Distribution of Water Requirements for Different Crops in North Loess Plateau
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2020)05-0166-07
- Keywords:
- crop water demand; spatial distribution; P-M mode; water deficit index
- 分类号:
- S271
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为研究黄土高原东部主要作物需水量,基于P-M(Penman-Monteith)作物需水模型,采用山西省内25个气象站点逐日气象数据,计算黄土高原东部冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)、玉米(Zea mays L.)、谷子(Setaria italica)、高粱[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]的作物需水量、灌溉需水量及水分盈亏指数。结果表明:(1)4类作物的作物需水量为293.39～656.77 mm,谷子年均需水量较冬小麦节约39.99%、较玉米节约30.58%,高粱年均需水量较冬小麦节约14.01%、较玉米节约0.53%;(2)灌溉需水量为0～289.69 mm,作物平均灌溉需水量由多到少依次为冬小麦、玉米、高粱、谷子;(3)主要作物水分盈亏指数为-0.23～0.48,谷子是出现水分唯一盈余的作物,区域南部水分盈亏指数最小,冬小麦区域中部缺水严重,玉米、谷子、高粱在区域北部缺水最为严重。研究主要作物需水量空间分布对于确定作物灌溉用水量,了解水分盈亏程度,合理布局种植结构有重要指导意义。
- Abstract:
- Based on the P-M(penman-monteith)crop water demand model, daily meteorological data from 25 meteorological stations in Shanxi Province were used to calculate the crop water demands, irrigation water demands and water deficit indices of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), maize( Zea mays L.), millet(Setaria italica)and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench] in the east of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that:(1)the water requirements of the four crops were between 293.39 mm and 656.77 mm; the average annual water requirement of millet was 39.99% less than that of winter wheat, 30.58% less than that of corn, 14.01% less than that of winter wheat, and 0.53% less than that of corn;(2)the irrigation water demand was between 0 and 289.69 mm, and the average irrigation water demands of crops were in the order of winter wheat, corn, sorghum and millet from most to least;(3)the water deficit indices of main crops were between -0.23 and 0.48, and millet was the only crop with water surplus; the water deficit index was the smallest in the south of the region, the water deficit index was serious in the middle of winter wheat region, and the water deficit was most serious in the north of maize, millet and sorghum region. The study on the spatial distribution of water demands of main crops has the important guiding significance for determining the irrigation water consumptions of crops, understanding the degree of water deficit and rational planting structure.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-11-09修回日期:2019-11-23
资助项目:国家自然科学基金(41601317); 山西省高校科技创新项目(2020L0238,2020L0240); 山西省高等学校教学改革创新项目(J2019093); 山西省哲学社会科学规划(2019B202)
第一作者:陈伟(1987—)女,辽宁铁岭人,副教授,博士研究生,主要从事土壤学研究。E-mail:wan_xin_chen@126.com
通信作者:孙从建(1986—),男,河北沧州人,副教授,博士(后),从事气候变化与水循环研究。E-mail:suncongjian@sina.com