AN Tongxin,ZHOU Feng,WU Zhenzhen,et al.Effect of Crop Intercropping on Soil and Water Conservation in Arable Sloping Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(02):17-22.
坡耕地间作作物群体水土保持耕作措施
- Title:
- Effect of Crop Intercropping on Soil and Water Conservation in Arable Sloping Land
- Keywords:
- maize; grass strip; green pepper; intercropping; soil erosion; sloping land
- 分类号:
- S344.2;S157
- 摘要:
- 为解决云南山区坡耕地作物生态系统中存在的作物栽培技术措施不配套，水土等自然资源不能有效利用与保护的问题，对不同作物搭配间作方式水土保持效应进行了研究，为坡耕地水土流失治理提供了合理可行的保护性作物种植措施。试验选用玉米、辣椒和混播草带搭配成不同间作方式：玉米间作辣椒（行比为2∶2，2∶4，2∶6）、玉米间作草带、辣椒间作草带，研究不同间作群体对坡耕地水土流失的影响。结果表明：作物间作群体总水土流失量均低于作物单作，玉米间作草带总径流量最多比玉米单作减少97.52%，总侵蚀量最多比辣椒单作减少99.49%；玉米间作辣椒群体中，行比为2∶2，2∶4的水土保持效果好于2∶6处理。随着降雨强度增加，间作处理的水土保持效果更明显，玉米间作草带和辣椒间作草带的径流量和侵蚀量均显著小于辣椒单作及玉米单作（p<0.05），在高强度降雨下，玉米间作草带径流量最多比玉米单作减少98.25%，侵蚀量最多减少99.96%。玉米间作辣椒、玉米间作草带和辣椒间作草带均能有效减轻坡耕地水土流失，在高强度降雨下，该间作模式的水土保持效果更明显，有利于山区坡耕地水土资源的持续利用与保护。
- Abstract:
- Because of the unreasonable cultivation techniques and measures in the ecological system of sloping land in hill, there is inefficient utilization and protection of natural resources such as water and soil in Yunnan Province. Use of the measures of soil and water conservation with different crops and varieties intercropping can provide reasonable and feasible crop protective planting measures for soil and water losses on sloping land. Maize, green pepper and grass strip were selected to form different intercropping patterns (maize and green pepper intercropping, maize and grass strip intercropping, green pepper and grass strip intercropping, in which the row ratio is 2:2, 2:4, 2:6, respectively) in order to analyze the effects of different intercropping system on soil erosion in slope land. Soil erosion of intercropping system was lower than monoculture system. The total runoff of maize and grass strip intercropping was 97.52% lower than maize monoculture, total soil erosion of maize and grass strip intercropping was 99.49% lower than green pepper monoculture, the efficiency of soil and water conservation of 2 rows of maize intercropping with 2 rows of green pepper and 2 rows of maize intercropping with 4 rows of green pepper were better than 2 rows of maize intercropping with 6 rows 0f green pepper in maize and green pepper intercropping system. Soil and water conservation benefit of intercropping system was more significant with the increase of rainfall intensity. Runoff and soil erosion of maize and grass strip intercropping and green pepper intercropping with grass strip were significantly lower than those of the green pepper monoculture and maize monoculture (p<0.05). In the condition of high intensity rainfall, runoff and soil erosion of maize intercropping with grass strip were 98.25% and 99.96% lower than maize monoculture. So, maize intercropping with grass strips and pepper are effective to reduce the soil erosion on sloping land. Under the high intensity of rainfall, the measures of intercropping are more useful for sustainable use and protection of the soil and water resources on mountainous arable slopping land.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2018-06-02;改回日期:2018-07-02。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31660378）；云南省自然科学基金（2014FB144）；农业部公益性行业专项（201503119-03-03）；云南省农田无公害生产创新团队（2017HC015）；云南省玉米产业技术体系资助项目
作者简介:安曈昕(1974-),男,陕西西安人,副教授,主要从事山区坡耕地水土保持与农业可持续发展研究。E-mail:tongxinan2012@163.com
通讯作者:吴伯志(1960-),男,云南玉溪人,教授,主要从事山地农业可持续发展研究。E-mail:Bozhiwu@hotmail.com