[1]殷修帅,王仕稳,邓西平,等.不同施氮水平下拔节期灌溉对旱地冬小麦的群体动态、产量及耗水特性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(05):179-186.
　YIN Xiushuai,WANG Shiwen,DENG Xiping,et al.Effect of Irrigation on Population Dynamics, Yield and Water Consumption Characteristics of Winter Wheat at Elongation Stage Under Different Nitrogen Application Levels in Dryland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(05):179-186.
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不同施氮水平下拔节期灌溉对旱地冬小麦的群体动态、产量及耗水特性的影响

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 25 期数: 2018年05期 页码: 179-186 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-09-06
Title:
Effect of Irrigation on Population Dynamics, Yield and Water Consumption Characteristics of Winter Wheat at Elongation Stage Under Different Nitrogen Application Levels in Dryland
作者:
殷修帅1,3, 王仕稳2,3,4, 邓西平1,3,4, 李雨霖1,3, 杨文稼2,3, 孙海妮2,3
1. 西北农林科技大学 生命科学学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
2. 西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
3. 西北农林科技大学 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100
Author(s):
YIN Xiushuai1,3, WANG Shiwen2,3,4, DENG Xiping1,3,4, LI Yulin1,3, YANG Wenjia2,3, SUN Haini2,3
1. College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
2. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
关键词:
冬小麦; 施肥; 补灌; 产量; 水分利用效率
Keywords:
winter wheat; fertilization; supplemental irrigation; yield; water use efficiency
分类号:
S512.1+1
摘要:
针对目前黄土高原雨养农业区为追求小麦高产而存在的过量施肥现象，以小麦长旱58为材料，采用大田试验方法，拟通过补水减肥措施探究不同氮水平下拔节期灌溉对小麦群体、产量和耗水特性的影响。试验设置了水氮二因素，氮设4个水平，分别施纯氮0 kg/hm2（N0）、60 kg/hm2（N60），120 kg/hm2（N120），180 kg/hm2（N180），水分设两个水平，分别是拔节期灌溉30 mm水和全生育期不灌溉（各氮水平下灌溉处理记为N0W，N60W，N120W，N180W，不灌溉处理记为N0，N60，N120，N180）。结果表明：拔节期灌溉显著提高了120 kg/hm2氮水平下的成熟期的亩穗数、产量和水分利用效率。在施氮120 kg/hm2时拔节期补灌30 mm水产量达到5 100~6 100 kg/hm2，水分利用效率达到12~18 kg/（hm2·mm），较施氮120 kg/hm2处理分别提高了19%和22%，和施氮180 kg/hm2处理产量无显著差异。当施氮水平提高至180 kg/hm2时，拔节期灌溉对群体、产量和水分利用效率没有显著的增加。同时，拔节期灌溉导致了0 kg/hm2氮水平下小麦的早衰，即N0 W的生物量、产量、水分利用效率在灌溉后显著减小。说明通过少量补灌能够达到减肥增效的目的。综上，试验认为针对黄土高原地区施氮120 kg/hm2条件下拔节补灌30 mm水是最优处理。
Abstract:
Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer application widely exists in winter wheat production in dryland area in order to get high yield. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application levels combined with supplemental irrigation on the population dynamics, dry matter accumulation, yield components and water consumption characteristic of winter wheat during two growth seasons (2015-2017). A split plot experiment with two factors including two irrigation treatments (watering 30 mm at elongating stage and no watering) and four nitrogen fertilization application levels (0 kg/hm2,60 kg/hm2,120 kg/hm2 and 180 kg/hm2) was conducted. The results showed that dry matter accumulation and water consumption significantly increased with nitrogen application rates increasing from 0 to 120 kg/hm2, but not increased from 120 to 180 kg/hm2; supplemental irrigation at elongation stage increased the yield and spike number under treatment of 120 kg/hm2, but it decreased under treatment of 0 kg/hm2; compared with no irrigation, the irrigation increased the water use efficiency by 19% to 22% in the treatment of 180 kg/hm2, and the yield have reached up to 5 100 to 6 100 kg/hm2. These results indicated that supplemental irrigation at elongation stage could reduce nitrogen application in dryland. In summary, combination of application of 120 kg/hm2 of nitrogen with irrigation at elongation stage was the best practice.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2018-03-07;改回日期:2018-03-20。
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD22B01）；国家重点基础研究发展计划（2015CB150402）；国家自然科学基金（51479189）
作者简介:殷修帅(1989-),男,安徽亳州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物逆境生理。E-mail:1539593687@qq.com
通讯作者:邓西平(1959-),男,陕西西安人,研究员,博士,主要从事旱地农业作物生理生态研究。E-mail:dengxp@ms.iswc.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01