SU Yuan,WANG Zhijie,YAN G Rui,et al.SpatioTemporal Variation Characteristics of Soil Erosion in Southern Shaanxi Region Based on RUSLE[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(05):1-11.
基于RUSLE的陕南地区土壤侵蚀时空变化特征
- Title:
- SpatioTemporal Variation Characteristics of Soil Erosion in Southern Shaanxi Region Based on RUSLE
- Keywords:
- southern Shaanxi Region; soil Erosion; spatiotemporal variation; RUSLE
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 摘要:
- 基于GIS和RS技术，采用遥感影像、DEM数据、土壤类型数据、降雨数据以及植被覆盖和土地利用等数据，运用RUSLE模型，计算并分析了陕南地区1995-2014年近20年土壤侵蚀强度的时空动态变化特征。结果表明：（1）5个时期土壤侵蚀模数分别为787.86 t/（km2·a），1 362.97 t/（km2·a），1 627.75 t/（km2·a），1 684.41 t/（km2·a），1 571.79 t/（km2·a），呈先快速增加后缓慢减小的趋势。土壤侵蚀类型整体上以微度和轻度侵蚀为主，随时间变化微度侵蚀呈降低趋势，其他5个等级侵蚀均呈波动增加趋势；（2）土壤侵蚀较严重的区域主要分布在中部和大巴山的北部，以紫阳县和镇巴县为主，两县平均土壤侵蚀强度分别为2 935.47 t/（km2·a），3 327.45 t/（km2·a），属于中度侵蚀；（3）不同海拔梯度上，土壤侵蚀随海拔升高整体呈先增加后降低的趋势，中山区（800~2 000 m）分布面积最广，侵蚀强度大，其次是低山区（500~800 m），丘陵和高山区分布面积均较少，侵蚀强度小；（4）不同坡度梯度上，表现出坡度越大，土壤侵蚀越严重的特征，且坡度 > 25°的区域是研究区主要的土壤侵蚀坡度段，是陕南地区土壤侵蚀防治的主要区域。
- Abstract:
- With the help of GIS and RS technology, based on remote sensing image data, DEM data, soil type data, rainfall data, vegetation coverage data and land use data, RUSLE as the evaluation model was used to calculate and analyze the spatial and temporal dynamic characteristics of soil erosion intensity in southern Shaanxi Region in recent 20 years from 1995 to 2014. The results showed that:(1) the soil erosion modulus in 5 periods were 787.86 t/(km2·a),1 362.97 t/(km2·a),1 627.75 t/(km2·a),1 684.41 t/(km2·a) and 1 571.79 t/(km2·a), respectively, the tendency was to increase rapidly at first and then decrease slowly, the soil erosion types were micro and slight erosion. The micro erosion decreased with time change, the other 5 grades increased volatility; (2) the soil erosion in the central region and the northern of Daba Mountain of study area was more severe, especially in Ziyang County and Zhenba County; the average soil erosion intensities were 2 935.47 t/(km2·a) and 3 327.45 t/(km2·a), respectively, which belonged to moderate erosion; (3) for different altitude, the soil erosion increased first and then decreased with elevation rise; the soil erosion distributed most widely in middle-mountain area (800~2 000 m), its erosion intensity was large, and low-mountain area (500~800 m) was in next; the soil erosion distributed less in hilly and high-mountain area, the erosion intensity was small; (4) for different slope gradients, the soil erosion was more serious with the greater slope gradients, and slopping area with greater than 25° was the main soil erosion area in the study area, also was the main area of soil erosion prevention in southern Shaanxi Region.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-10-23;改回日期:2017-11-17。
基金项目:贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合SY字[2013]3165，黔科合支撑[2017]2854）；国家自然科学基金（41701319）
作者简介:苏嫄(1986-),女,陕西延安人,硕士,助理实验师,主要从事区域水土流失、水土保持研究。E-mail:ysu@gzu.edu.cn
通讯作者:杨瑞(1979-),男,贵州六盘水人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向:森林经营与森林生态。E-mail:yr553017@163.com