YU Qingfeng,MIAO Qingfeng,SHI Haibin,et al.Effects of Straw Mulch Rates on Soil Temperature, Water Use and Yield of Spring Maize[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(03):111-116.
秸秆覆盖量对土壤温度和春玉米耗水规律及产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Straw Mulch Rates on Soil Temperature, Water Use and Yield of Spring Maize
- Keywords:
- straw mulch rate; water consumption; soil temperature; yield; water use efficiency; spring maize
- 分类号:
- S152.7;S161
- 摘要:
- 为研究秸秆覆盖在春玉米种植过程中的适用性，试验以不覆盖（CK）为对照，设置秸秆覆盖量为5 t/hm2（JF1），7.5 t/hm2（JF2），10 t/hm2（JF3）和12.5 t/hm2（JF4）共5个处理对比研究了不同处理对春玉米耗水规律、土壤温度、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：全生育期内，春玉米阶段耗水量呈现先增大后减小的趋势，棵间土壤蒸发量则与之呈现相反的变化趋势，且二者在拔节-抽雄吐丝期分别达到全生育期的峰值和最低值。随秸秆覆盖量的增加，棵间土壤蒸发量呈现减小趋势，且当秸秆覆盖量达到10 t/hm2时，对棵间土壤水分蒸发的抑制作用开始呈现减弱趋势。秸秆覆盖在低温时起到了增温效果，而高温时具有明显的降温效应，春玉米苗期至拔节期，处理JF1，JF2，JF3和JF4平均较CK高2.14℃，4.23℃，5.53℃和6.56℃；春玉米抽雄吐丝至灌浆期的高温季节，处理JF1，JF2，JF3和JF4平均较CK低0.89℃，1.70℃，2.70℃和3.06℃，为春玉米的正常生长提供了良好的土壤温度条件。随秸秆覆盖量的增加，土壤温度平均日变幅呈现减小趋势，且当秸秆覆盖量达到10 t/hm2时，各土层温度变化趋于稳定。秸秆覆盖显著提高了春玉米产量及水分利用效率，且当覆盖量达到10 t/hm2时增幅趋于稳定，此时处理JF3产量和水分利用效率平均较处理CK高24.89%和39.42%。综合分析，该地区春玉米种植过程中秸秆覆盖量宜采用10 t/hm2。
- Abstract:
- In order to examine the applicability of straw mulch in spring maize growth process, five treatments including non mulch (CK), maize straw mulch rates:5 t/hm2 (JF1), 7.5 t/hm2 (JF2), 10 t/hm2 (JF3) and 12.5 t/hm2 (JF4) were used to compare the effects of different mulch rates on water consumption rule, soil temperature, yield and water use efficiency of spring maize. The results showed that the water consumption amounts of spring maize increased first and then decreased during the whole growth period, the soil evaporation between plants showed the opposite trend, and the peak value and minimum value of the whole growth period reached at the jointing stage and the silking stage, respectively; with the increase of straw mulch rates, the soil evaporation between plants showed the decreasing trend, and when the straw mulch rate reached up to 10 t/hm2, the inhibition rate of soil water evaporation was weakened; straw mulch had the warming effect at low temperature, but had the obvious cooling effect at high temperature, and the average soil temperatures of JF1, JF2, JF3 and JF4 increased by 2.14℃, 4.23℃, 5.53℃ and 6.56℃ than CK, respectively, from the seedling stage to jointing stage, but reduced by 0.89℃, 1.70℃, 2.70℃ and 3.06℃, respectively, during the high temperature period from silking to grain filling, which kept the good soil temperature for the normal growth of maize; with the increase of straw mulch rates, the average daily variation of soil temperature showed the decreasing trend, and when the straw mulch rate reached to 10 t/hm2, the change of soil temperature tended to be stable. Straw mulch significantly increased spring maize yield and water use efficiency, and when the mulch rate reached to 10 t/hm2, the rise rate tended to be stable. The yield and water use efficiency of JF3 increased by 24.89% and 39.42% than those of CK, respectively. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the straw mulch rate of 10 t/hm2 was more suitable for spring maize growth in this area.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-12-14;改回日期:2017-12-24。
基金项目:国家自然基金重点项目（51539005）；国家自然科学基金（51209114）；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD29B03）；内蒙古自治区自然科学资助项目（2012MS0303）；内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目（NJZY12088）；内蒙古自然基金项目（2015MS0565）
作者简介:于庆峰(1976-),男,呼和浩特人,副教授,主要从事农业水土工程的研究工作。E-mail:yuqf523@126.com
通讯作者:胡敏(1977-),女(达斡尔族),呼和浩特人,博士,副教授,主要从事农业水土工程的研究工作。E-mail:66970501@qq.com