[1]李佳秀,陈亚宁,刘志辉,等.额尔齐斯河流域MOD系统变化及其对气候与人类活动的响应[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(02):250-256,263.
　LI Jiaxiu,CHEN Yaning,LIU Zhihui,et al.Variation of Mountain-Oasis-Desert (MOD) System and Its Response to Climate Change and Human Activities in Irtysh River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(02):250-256,263.
点击复制

额尔齐斯河流域MOD系统变化及其对气候与人类活动的响应

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 25 期数: 2018年02期 页码: 250-256,263 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-04-03
Title:
Variation of Mountain-Oasis-Desert (MOD) System and Its Response to Climate Change and Human Activities in Irtysh River Basin
作者:
李佳秀1,2,3, 陈亚宁2, 刘志辉1, 李稚2
1. 新疆大学 资源与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046;
2. 中国科学院 新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011;
3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
Author(s):
LI Jiaxiu1,2,3, CHEN Yaning2, LIU Zhihui1, LI Zhi2
1. College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
关键词:
MOD系统; 气候变化; 景观格局
Keywords:
MOD system; climate change; landscape pattern
分类号:
P463;TP79
摘要:
运用额尔齐斯河流域内3个典型区域内的遥感影像，并结合气候数据，分析探究了研究区内MOD系统的变化特征及其对气候变化和人类活动的响应。结果表明：（1）研究区气候整体变得暖湿，水热状况趋于良性发展，但温度和降水并不协同变化，各个子系统之间存在很大差异。（2）受人类活动的影响，1999年是研究区景观格局的转折点，景观结构、斑块形状和数量都在一定程度上有所增加。（3）研究区内MOD各个子系统都有其明显特征：山地系统受人类活动影响较小，受气候变化的影响较大，1979年以来，水体和裸地面积略有增加，自然植被面积有所减少，而耕地面积先增加后减少；绿洲系统受气候和人类活动共同的影响较大，天然植被面积自1999年后降低，而耕地面积大幅增加，人类耕作对该区土地利用变化的影响十分明显；荒漠系统增湿率在3个区域最高，但结构单一，区内盐碱化较严重，受绿洲扩张影响，荒地面积自1979年以来显著减少。
Abstract:
Remote sensing images of 3 typical regions in the Irtysh River basin and the related weather data were used to investigate the variation characteristic of mountain-oasis-desert (MOD) system and its response to climate change and human activities. The results show that:(1) the whole study area has becoming warm and humid, and the water-heat conditions tend to be more healthy development, but the changes of temperature and precipitation are not synergy, and great differences exist among subsystems; (2) affected by human activities, the year of 1999 was the turning point of landscape pattern in the study area, landscape structure, patch shape and quantity increased to some extent in this year; (3) each subsystem has distinctive characteristics:the mountain subsystem is less affected by human activities, mainly affected by climate change, after 1979, the water and bear land areas slight increased, nature vegetation decreased and cultivated land increased first and then decreased; the oasis subsystem is both affected by climate and human activities greatly, the nature vegetation area has decreased since 1999, while cultivated land area has increased greatly, which showed that human cultivation obviously changed the land type in this region; the desert subsystem has the highest humidifying rate, but its structure is simple, salinization is severe, wasteland area has shrinked remarkably since 1979 due to the influence of oasis expansion.

参考文献/References:

[1] Stocker T F, Qin D, Plattner G K, et al. The physical science basis:contribution of working group to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[M]//IPCC. IPCC 2013. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press, 2013.
[2] Evans D D, Thames J L. Water in desert ecosystems[J]. Journal of Range Management, 1981,35(4):543.
[3] Baird A, Wilby R. Eco-hydrology:plants and water in terrestrial and aquatic environments[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1999,88(6):1095-1096.
[4] Hrkal Z, Gadalia A, Rigaudiere P. Will the river Irtysh survive the year 2030? Impact of long-term unsuitable land use and water management of the upper stretch of the river catchment(North Kazakhstan)[J]. Environmental Geology, 2006,50(5):717-723.
[5] 龙爱华,邓铭江,李湘权,等.哈萨克斯坦水资源及其开发利用[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(12):1357-1366.
[6] 李捷,夏自强,郭利丹,等.额尔齐斯河流域气候特征及变化趋势分析[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(3):311-315.
[7] 雷雨,龙爱华,邓铭江,等.1926-2009年额尔齐斯河流域中游地区气候变化及其对水资源的影响分析[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(4):912-919.
[8] Beurs D, Kirsten M, Henebry G M. Land surface phenology, climatic variation, and institutional change:analyzing agricultural land cover change in Kazakhstan[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004,89(4):497-509.
[9] 沈金祥,陈曦,杨辽,等.额尔齐斯河-斋桑湖流域近20年来土地利用/土地覆被时空演变[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(2):189-195.
[10] Chuluun T, Ojima D. Land use change and carbon cycle in arid and semi-arid lands of East and Central Asia[J]. Science in China Series C:Life Sciences-English Edition, 2002,45(S1):48-54.
[11] 王让会,张慧芝,赵振勇,等. MODS耦合关系的界面过程及其特征[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(3):388-392.
[12] Jing X H. Landscape pattern and fragmentation in Beitun of Irtysh River Basin, Xinjiang[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2008,44(3):21-28.
[13] Wilks D S. Statistical methods in the atmospheric sciences[M]. Oxford:Academic Press, 2011.
[14] Peng C K, Havlin S, Stanley H E, et al. Quantification of scaling exponents and crossover phenomena in nonstationary heartbeat time series[J]. Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 1995,5(1):82-87.
[15] 高沈瞳,徐长春.额尔齐斯河流域上游地区近50 a来气温和降水变化的DFA分析[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(3):706-716.
[16] 余新晓.景观生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版利,2006.
[17] Chen F, Wang J, Jin L, et al. Rapid warming in mid-latitude central Asia for the past 100 years[J]. Frontiers of Earth Science, 2009,3(1):42-50.
[18] 马柱国,符淙斌,任小波,等.中国北方年极端温度的变化趋势与区域增暖的联系[J].地理学报,2003,58(9):11-19.
[19] Stulina G, Eshchanov O. Climate change impacts on hydrology and environment in the Pre-Aral region[J]. Quaternary International, 2013,311(454):87-96.
[20] Wang S J, Zhang M J, Sun M P, et al. Changes in precipitation extremes in alpine areas of the Chinese Tianshan Mountains, central Asia, 1961-2011[J]. Quaternary International, 2013,311:97-107.
[21] Wang H J, Chen Y N, Chen Z S. Spatial distribution and temporal trends of mean precipitation and extremes in the arid region, northwest of China, during 1960-2010[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2013,27(12):1807-1818.
[22] 潘晓玲,马映军,顾峰雪.中国西部干旱区生态环境演变与调控研究进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(1):50-57.
[23] 沈永平,苏宏超,王国亚,等.新疆冰川、积雪对气候变化的响应(I):水文效应[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(3):513-527.
[24] Chen Y N, Xu C C, Chen Y P, et al. Response of glacial-lake outburst floods to climate change in the Yarkant River basin on northern slope of Karakoram Mountains, China[J]. Quaternary International, 2010,226(1/2):75-81.
[25] Forster P, Ramaswamy V, Artaxo P, et al. Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing[M]. Cambridge, Uk:Cambridge University Press, 2007.
[26] Su Y Z, Zhao W Z, Su P X, et al. Ecological effects of desertification control and desertified land reclamation in an oasis-desert ecotone in an arid region:a case study in Hexi Corridor, northwest China[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2007,29(2):117-124.
[27] Lioubimtseva E, Henebry G M. Climate and environmental change in arid Central Asia:impacts, vulnerability, and adaptations[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2009,73(11):963-977.
[28] Mainguet M, Létolle R. Human-made Desertification in the Aral Sea Basin:Planning and Management Failures[J].1998,41(3):129-142.
[29] Chen Y N, Pang Z H, Chen Y P, et al. Response of riparian vegetation to water-table changes in the lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang Uygur, China[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2008,16(7):1371-1379.

相似文献/References:

[1]余海龙,黄菊莹,王亭荷.宁夏中部干旱带56年来气候生产潜力变化特征研究——以宁夏中宁县为例[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):172.
　YU Hai-long,HUANG Ju-ying,WANG Ting-he.Impact of Climate Change on Climate Potential Productivity in Recent 56 Years in Middle Arid Regions of Ningxia-A Case Study of Zhongning County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):172.
[2]木沙·如孜,白云岗,雷晓云,等.塔里木河流域气候及径流变化特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):122.
　MUSHA·Ruzi,BAI Yun-gang,LEI Xiao-yun,et al.Study on the Change of Climate and Runoff in the Tarim River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):122.
[3]赵金忠,赵年武,赵恒和,等.贵德县近50年气候变化及对冬小麦生产潜力的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):260.
　ZHAO Jin-zhong,ZHAO Nian-wu,ZHAO Heng-he,et al.Climatic Changes in the Past 50 Years in Guide County, Qinghai Province, and Their Influences on Potential Productivity of Winter Wheat[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):260.
[4]张艺,余新晓,范敏锐,等.北京山区刺槐林净初级生产力对气候变化的响应[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):151.
　ZHANG Yi,YU Xin-xiao,FAN Min-rui,et al.Response of Net Primary Productivity of Robinia pseudoacacia Forest to Climate Change in Beijing Mountainous Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):151.
[5]王兮之,梁钊雄,周显辉,等.黄河源区玛曲县植被覆盖度及其气候变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(02):57.
　WANG Xi-zhi,LIANG Zhao-xiong,ZHOU Xian-hui,et al.Vegetation Coverage and Climate Change of Maqu County in Source Region of Yellow River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):57.
[6]何毅,王飞,穆兴民,等.近60年关中一天水经济区降水量特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):65.
　HE Yi,WANG Fei,MU Xing-min,et al.Analysis on Characteristic of Precipitation in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone in Recent 60 Years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):65.
[7]卓玛兰草,刘普幸,张亚宁,等.甘肃黄土高原区潜在蒸散量时空变化与成因研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):70.
　ZHUO Malancao,LIU Pu-xing,ZHANG Ya-ning,et al.Study on Temporal and Spatial Changes of the Potential Evapotranspiration and Its Impact Factors in Loess Plateau of Gansu Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):70.
[8]南峰,李有利,史兴民.新疆玛纳斯河水量波动与气候变化之间的关系[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(03):59.
　NAN Feng,LI You-li,SHI Xing-min.Relationship of the Fluctuations of Stream Discharge of the Manas River and Climatic Changes[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(02):59.
[9]刘占静.2003年玛纳斯河汛期水情特征及其成因[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(04):198.
　LIU Zhan-jing.Discharge Characteristic of the Manasi River During Flood Season of 2003[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(02):198.
[10]刘新春,杨金龙,杨青.三工河流域40年来气温、降水变化特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(06):54.
　LIU Xin-chun,YANG Jin-long,YANG Qing.Analysis on the Variations Characteristics of Air Temperature, Precipitation in the Sangong River Basin in the Past 40 Years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(02):54.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2017-4-13;改回日期:2017-5-16。
基金项目:中国科学院“西部之光”项目“中亚干旱区蒸散发遥感估算及其时空变化研究”（2015-XBQN-17）
作者简介:李佳秀(1988-),女,陕西大荔人,博士研究生,研究方向为气候变化。E-mail:1428207461@qq.com
通讯作者:陈亚宁(1958-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事气候与水文变化研究。E-mail:chenyn@ms.xjb.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01