LI Guorong,LI Xilai,CHEN Wenting,et al.Influences of Rain Erosion on Soil Nutrient Contents of the Deteriorated Grassland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(02):40-45.
降雨侵蚀对退化草地土壤养分含量的影响
- Title:
- Influences of Rain Erosion on Soil Nutrient Contents of the Deteriorated Grassland
- Keywords:
- source area of the Yellow River; rain erosion; degraded grassland; soil nutrition; soil and water loss
- 分类号:
- S157.1;S158.3
- 摘要:
- 为了阐明高寒草甸降雨侵蚀对退化草地土壤养分的影响，以黄河源区退化草地为研究对象，通过野外模拟降雨试验和室内测试，对退化草地土壤养分流失规律进行了分析，这对于揭示高寒草甸草地退化机理和三江源生态环境保护具有重要意义。结果表明：草地退化区土壤养分含量随土层深度的增加而递减，其中40 cm范围内的递减幅度较明显；同等条件下坡度为10°的重度退化区土壤养分含量比中度退化区和轻度退化区分别降低了4.2%~49.9%和14.9%~79.4%，而坡度为20°和30°的退化区表层土壤总养分含量均小于10°退化区，且草地退化越严重，则表层土壤略呈弱碱性。与10°退化区相比较，20°和30°的重度退化区养分指标分别降低了5.6%~18.3%和12.2%~44.7%；坡面土壤养分流失主要集中在降雨开始后的30 min内，其流失幅度达24.6%~66.4%，其中腐殖质的流失最大，其次为碱解氮、有机质、全氮、速效钾和速效磷，全磷、速效磷和全钾的变化幅度相对较小。降雨侵蚀作用下高寒草甸退化草地的养分流失量比黄土区及人工种植区均大，反映了高寒草地区养分流失是草地退化的原因之一。
- Abstract:
- In order to study the influences and rule of rain erosion on soil nutrition contents of the deteriorated alpine meadow, the change rule of soil nutrition content with the variation of soil depth, gradient, degeneration degree and rain erosion were tested and analyzed, and the deteriorated grassland in the Yellow River source region was taken as the study object. This paper had the important significance of revealing the deteriorated mechanism of alpine meadow and the ecological environmental protection of three river source region. The results showed that the soil nutrient contents of deteriorated grassland decreased with the increase of soil depth, gradient and degeneration degree, and the decrease magnitude was obvious at the depth of 40 cm; under the same condition, soil nutrition content of severe degradation area in the slope with degree of 10°, decreased 4.2%~49.9% and 14.9%~79.4% than moderate degradation area and mild degradation area, respectively; the total soil nutrient contents of slope with degrees of 20° and 30° were lower than those of the slope with degree of 10°. The more degenerated, the more alkali in surface soil. When the slope degree increased from 10° to 30°, the nutrient indexes decreased 5.6%~18.3% and 12.2%~44.7%, respectively. The soil nutrients of the hill slope lost along with the runoff, the nutrients in run off mainly concentrated within the 30 min after the beginning of raining, the loss extent reached up to 24.6%~66.4%, among them the loss amount of humus was maximum, followed by available nitrogen, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and phosphorus, and the variation extents of total phosphorus, available phosphorus and total potassium were relatively smaller. The nutrient loss of deteriorated alpine meadow was more than loess area and artificial planting region under the rain erosion, which reflected that nutrient loss of alpine meadow was one of the reasons for grassland degradation.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-4-24;改回日期:2017-6-13。
基金项目:青海省科技厅项目（2016-ZJ-728）；国家自然科学基金（41662023，41762023）；国家国际科技合作专项项目（2015DFG31870）；教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划（IRT_17R62）；青海大学中青年科研资助项目（2015-QGY-10）
作者简介:李国荣(1979-),男,青海贵德人,博士研究生,副教授,主要从事生态环境保护及地质灾害防治方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:qdliguorong@163.com
通讯作者:李希来(1964-),男,河南孟津人,博士生导师,教授,主要从事高原生态修复与环境模拟研究。E-mail:xilai-li@163.com