CHENG Shujie,WANG Zhongling,WANG Ting,et al.Land Use Change and Ecological Security Assessment of the Central Arid Zone in Ningxia Based on GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(04):342-348.
基于GIS的宁夏中部干旱带土地利用生态安全动态评价
- Title:
- Land Use Change and Ecological Security Assessment of the Central Arid Zone in Ningxia Based on GIS
- Keywords:
- land use; ecological security; the central arid zone in Ningxia; GIS
- 分类号:
- X826
- 摘要:
- 土地利用生态安全评价是区域可持续发展关注的重要内容之一。以宁夏中部干旱带为例，针对研究区实际生态问题，基于RS和GIS技术，构建“隐患—状态—免疫”生态安全评价指标体系，采用熵权法与综合指数模型，实现了30 m×30 m栅格水平可视化的土地利用生态安全综合评价。结果表明：2004—2014年，研究区土地利用变化和区域政策的实施结果一致。草地、林地面积急剧扩大，旱地和未利用地面积持续下降，建设用地和水域面积变化不大，水浇地面积呈缓慢增加趋势。结合已有研究成果与研究区实际，采用聚类法，将研究区土地利用安全分为5个等级：生态安全区（Ⅰ）、生态较安全区（Ⅱ）、生态临界安全区（Ⅲ）、生态不安全区（Ⅳ）和生态极不安全区（Ⅴ）。研究区土地利用生态安全指数从2004年的-0.12上升为2014年的0.03，整体状态呈变好趋势，但ESI指数仍小于0.1，处于临界安全状态。具体表现为：Ⅰ级乡镇从4个增加为5个、Ⅱ级区从10个增至11个、Ⅲ级乡镇从13个减少为12个、Ⅳ级乡镇从5个减少为4个、Ⅴ级乡镇从8个减少为7个，针对评价结果分析其动态演变机制。通过对宁夏中部干旱带土地利用生态安全动态评价，以期为宁夏境内生态移民区选址和生态环境保护提供数据支撑。
- Abstract:
- The assessment of land use is one aspect of the studies on sustainable development. In order to testify these views, a case study was conducted in the central arid zone in Ningxia. The existing ecological problems and major ecological processes were analyzed, as well as land use/cover change and its effect on soil erosion, ecological water requirement and biodiversity were explored by using RS and GIS techniques combining with field investigation in this study. We analyzed land use change in the central arid zone in Ningxia from 2004 to 2014, and then established an evaluation index system on the basis of Hazard-State-Immune model. Entropy methods were used for determining index weights, for evaluating ecological security on 30 m×30 m grid scale in the period from 2004 to 2014. The results of the study were as follows. The change of land use followed the regional policy, the areas of grassland, woodland expanded largely, the areas of farmland and unused land kept decreasing, construction land and water area were almost same， irrigated land increased slowly. Combined with the existing research results and practical situation, based on cluster analysis methods, ecological security assessment grade in the research area can be divided into five levels: the area of very security(Ⅰ), relative security area(Ⅱ), critical security area(Ⅲ), relative insecurity area(Ⅳ), very insecurity area(Ⅴ). From 2004 to 2014, the land ecological composite index showed the increasing trend, but the ESI index was still less than 0.1 and showed critical security state. The area of very security towns increased from four to five， relative security villages increased from ten to eleven， critical security towns decreased from thirteen to twelve， relative insecurity town decreased from five to four， very insecurity towns decreased from eight to seven with respect to the evaluation results to analyze its dynamic evolution mechanism. The study results may provide the data support and basis for choosing the ecological immigration sites and ecological environment protection in Ningxia.
参考文献/References:
[1] 唐华俊,吴文斌,杨鹏.土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)模型研究进展[J].地理学报,2009,64(4):456-468.
[2] 吕建树,吴泉源,张祖陆,等.基于RS和GIS的济宁市土地利用变化及生态安全研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(8):928-934.
[3] 曲青林,曹爱霞,刘学录.兰州市土地利用生态安全评价[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(6):753-756.
[4] 蒙吉军,朱利凯,杨倩,等.鄂尔多斯市土地利用生态安全格局构建[J].生态学报,2012,32(21):6755-6766.
[5] 谢花林.基于GIS的典型农牧交错区土地利用生态安全评价[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(1):135-139.
[6] McHarg I L, Mumford L. Design with nature[M]. New York:American Museum of Natural History, 1969.
[7] Campbell J C, Radke J. An application of linear programming and geographic information systems:Cropland allocation in Antigua[J]. Environment and Planning, 1992,24(4):535-549.
[8] Kishindo P. Land reform and agricultural development:the case of Lesotho[J]. Journal of Rural Development.1994,13(3):319-326.
[9] Hughey K F D, Cullen R, Kerr G N. Application of the pressure-state-response framework to perceptions reporting of the state of the New Zealand environment[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2004,70(1):85-93.
[10] Tran L T, Knight C. Fuzzy decision analysis for integrated environmental vulnerability assessment of the Mid Atlantic region[J]. Environment Manage, 2002,29(6):845-859.
[11] Steven M B. An Ecosystem model for assessing ecological risks in Quebec rivers, lakes, and reservoirs[J]. Ecological Modeling, 1999,124(1):43-67.
[12] Robin S V. Developing programs to monitor ecosystem health and effectiveness of management practices on lakes states national forests, USA[J]. Biological Conservation, 1997,80(3):289-302.
[13] 曲青林,曹爱霞,刘学录.兰州市土地利用生态安全评价[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(6):753-756.
[14] 皇浦川流域土地利用变化与生态安全评价[J].地理学报,2006,61(6):645-653.
[15] 林佳,宋戈,宋思铭.景观结构动态变化及其土地利用生态安全:以建三江垦区为例[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5918-5927.
[16] 杨春红,张正栋,田楠楠,等.基于P-S-R模型的汕头市土地生态安全评价[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):209-214.
[17] 卢金发,尤联元,陈浩,等.内蒙古锡林浩特市生态安全评价于土地利用调整[J].资源科学,2004,26(2):108-114.
[18] 陈西蕊,张蓉珍.基于P-S-R模型的陕西省土地资源生态安全动态评价[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(2):224-228.
相似文献/References:
[1]盛东,李桂元,徐义军.湖南省小流域生态安全综合评价指标体系研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(02):58.
SHENG Dong,LI Gui-yuan,XU Yi-jun.Evaluation Index System of Ecological Security in the Watershed of Hu’nan Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(04):58.
[2]刘荣,高敏华,谢峰.基于Logistic回归模型的土地利用格局模拟分析——以新疆吐鲁番市为例[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(06):74.
LIU Rong,GAO Min-hua,XIE Feng.Simulation and Analysis of Land Use Patterns Based on Logistic Regression Model—A Case Study of Turpan[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(04):74.
[3]田雨,庄莹,曹义,等.雾灵山低山区土地利用类型对土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):41.
TIAN Yu,ZHUANG Ying,CAO Yi,et al.Effects of Land Uses on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Hilly Areas of Wuling Mountain[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):41.
[4]刘占仁,王立志.不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及肥力的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):72.
LIU Zhan-ren,WANG Li-zhi.Effect of Different Land Use on Soil Nutrient and Soil Fertility[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):72.
[5]杨佳惠,雷国平.黑龙江省煤炭城市鸡西市的土地利用综合效益评价[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):176.
YANG Jia-hui,LEI Guo-ping.An Evaluation Study on Comprehensive Benefits of Land Use of Jixi Coal City in Heilongjiang Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):176.
[6]汪明霞,朱志锋,刘凡,等.江汉平原不同土地利用方式下农田土壤有机碳组成特点[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):24.
WANG Ming-xia,ZHU Zhi-feng,LIU Fan,et al.Composition Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon under Land Use Change in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):24.
[7]张瑞,曹华,王云强,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域土壤水分空间变异性及其影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):52.
ZHANG Rui,CAO Hua,WANG Yun-qiang,et al.Spatial Variability of Soil Moisture and Its Influence Factors in Watershed of Gully Region on the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):52.
[8]肖轶,尹珂.综合国土整治规划环境友好型土地利用影响评价——以重庆市璧山县大路镇为例[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):243.
XIAO Yi,YIN Ke.Assessment on Comprehensive Land Improvement Planning Environmental Friendly Land Use——A Case Study of Dalu Town, Bishan County of Chongqing Municipality[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):243.
[9]泮雪芹,刘占仁,孟晓云,等.云蒙湖流域不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):6.
PAN Xue-qin,LIU Zhan-ren,MENG Xiao-yun,et al.Analysis on Features of Soil Erosion with Different Land Uses in the Yunmeng Lake Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):6.
[10]胡媛,查轩,黄少燕.重要水源地东圳库区土地利用与水土流失 特征空间关系分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(02):53.
HU Yuan,ZHA Xuan,HUANG Shao-yan.Study on Spatial Relationship of Land Use and Water-Soil Loss in Dongzhen Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):53.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-12-30;改回日期:2017-01-10。
基金项目:银川能源学院科研项目（2016-KY-Y-16）；国家自然科学基金项目（41161078）；宁夏自然科学基金项目（NZ1129）