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[1]吴兵,高玉红,高珍妮,等.施肥对旱地胡麻耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(03):188-193.
　WU Bing,GAO Yuhong,GAO Zhenni,et al.Effects of Fertilization on Water Consumption Characteristic and Grain Yield of Linum usitatissimum L. in Dry Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(03):188-193.

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施肥对旱地胡麻耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 24 期数: 2017年03期页码: 188-193 栏目: 出版日期: 2017-06-28

Title:: Effects of Fertilization on Water Consumption Characteristic and Grain Yield of Linum usitatissimum L. in Dry Land

作者:: 吴兵^1,2, 高玉红^2,3, 高珍妮^2,4, 剡斌^2,3, 张中凯^2,3, 崔政军^2,3, 牛俊义^2,3; 1. 甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院, 兰州 730070;
2. 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 兰州 730070;
3. 甘肃农业大学农学院, 兰州 730070;
4. 甘肃农业大学信息科学技术学院, 兰州 730070

Author(s):: WU Bing^1,2, GAO Yuhong^2,3, GAO Zhenni^2,4, YAN Bin^2,3, ZHANG Zhongkai^2,3, CUI Zhengjun^2,3, NIU Junyi^2,3; 1. College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;
3. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
4. College of Information Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

关键词:: 胡麻; 施肥; 耗水特性; 籽粒产量

Keywords:: Linum usitatissimum L.; fertilization; water consumption characteristic; grain yield

分类号:: S563.2

摘要:: 为了合理调控胡麻生产过程中氮、磷配施水平，以“陇亚杂1号”为试验材料，研究了不同施肥处理对旱地胡麻耗水特性、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。试验设2个施氮（纯N）水平：75 kg/hm²（N₁），150 kg/hm²（N₂）；2个施磷（纯P₂O₅）水平：75 kg/hm²（P₁），150 kg/hm²（P₂），共4个施肥处理（N₁P₁，N₁P₂，N₂P₁和N₂P₂），以不施氮磷肥为对照（N₀P₀）。结果表明：2013年胡麻的农田耗水量随着施肥量的增加而增加，2014年随着施肥水平增加至N₂P₁时，耗水量达到高峰，较N₂P₂处理显著增加10.23%；与N₀P₀处理相比，各施肥处理100—200 cm土层的耗水量明显增加13.03~19.36 mm。在胡麻现蕾至盛花期，2013年各施肥处理在此阶段的耗水量随着施肥量的增加而增加，而2014年以N₂P₁处理的阶段耗水量最大，较N₀P₀，N₂P₂处理分别显著增加19.25%和17.87%，说明氮磷配施有利于促进胡麻根系对土壤水分的吸收，尤其是深层贮水的利用，以满足胡麻生育后期的水分需求。两个生长季，胡麻的籽粒产量均表现为N₂P₁ > N₂P₂ > N₁P₂ > N₁P₁ > N₀P₀，且N₂P₁的籽粒产量显著高于N₀P₀处理44.27%~56.55%。胡麻的水分利用效率与籽粒产量的变化趋势基本一致，各施肥处理中以N₂P₁处理的最大，N₂P₂的次之，分别比N₀P₀处理显著增加30.23%~38.54%，20.50%~36.81%。可见，在本试验区同等肥力土壤条件下，氮磷施用量分别为150 kg/hm²，75 kg/hm²的高氮低磷配施（N₂P₁）是旱地胡麻高产节肥的最佳施肥处理。

Abstract:: In order to regulate the combined application levels of N and P reasonably in the process of Linum usitatissimum L. production, field experiment in dry land was conducted to elucidate the effects of fertilization on water consumption characteristic, grain yield and water use efficiency of Linum usitatissimum L. which was ‘Longyaza 1’, thereby providing theoretical reference for fertilizer application of rain-fed Linum usitatissimum L. in hilly area of the Loess Plateau. Four fertilizer application treatments were 2 nitrogen levels: N₁(75 kg/hm²) and N₂ (150 kg/hm²), and 2 phosphorus levels: P₁ (75 kg/hm²) and P₂ (150 kg/hm²), which were marked for N₁P₁, N₁P₂, N₂P₁, N₂P₂, and the control (N₀ P₀) was without nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer. The results indicated that total water consumption rose with increase of the application amounts of N and P in 2013, reached the peak as the fertilization increased to the level of N₂P₁ in 2014 and markedly enhanced by 10.23% than N₂ P₂ which was the maximum rate of fertilizer. Compared with the N₀P₀, the water consumption at depth of 100—200 cm of soil obviously increased by 13.03~19.36 mm. Besides, water consumption at the budding to full-flowering periods had a sharp increase with the amount of fertilization in 2013, whereas the N₂P₁ was the most in 2014 and significantly enhanced by 19.25% and 17.87% than the N₀P₀ and N₂P₂, respectively. These results indicated that combined application of N and P could improve the absorption of soil moisture, especially for deep soil water, to meet the water requirement of Linum usitatissimum L. in later growth period. In addition, the grain yield of Linum usitatissimum L. decreased in the order: N₂P₁ > N₂P₂ > N₁P₂ > N₁P₁ > N₀P₀, and yield of N₂P₁ was 44.27%~56.55% higher compared the N₀ P₀. The changes of water use efficiency was fairly consistent with grain yield, and the N₂ P₁ was the largest, followed by the N₂ P₂ under different fertilizations, which were raised by 30.23%~38.54% and 20.50%~36.81%, respectively, compared with the treatment of N₀P₀. As far as saving-fertilizer and high-yield were concerned in the experiment, the most appropriate fertilizer treatment for recommendation was the one which had 150 kg/hm² (N) and 75 kg/hm² (P₂O₅) for rain-fed Linum usitatissimum L. under the climate conditions of the experimental area.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2016-04-15;改回日期:2016-04-29。
基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-17-GW-9）；国家自然科学基金（31360315）
作者简介:吴兵(1981-),男,宁夏盐池人,博士,副教授,主要从事作物生长调控与生理生态研究。E-mail:wub@gsau.edu.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01