YAN Peng,CUI Hongyan,FANG Zisen,et al.Effects of Supplemental Irrigation on Soil Moisture and Grain Yield of Linum usitatissimum Linn[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(01):328-333,341.
补充灌溉对土壤水分和胡麻籽粒产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Supplemental Irrigation on Soil Moisture and Grain Yield of Linum usitatissimum Linn
- Keywords:
- Linum usitatissimum Linn; irrigation; soil moisture; grain yield
- 分类号:
- S274;S563.2;S152.7
- 摘要:
- 为探讨不同灌水条件下胡麻田土壤水分动态特征和增产效果，以“陇亚杂1号”为材料，研究了不同灌溉处理对胡麻田土壤水分、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。试验设置5个处理：不灌水（T0）、分茎水80 mm（T1）、分茎水60 mm+盛花水40 mm（T2）、分茎水80 mm+盛花水40 mm（T3）、分茎水60 mm+现蕾水40 mm+盛花水40 mm（T4）。结果表明：分茎期灌水而现蕾期不灌水有利于增加现蕾期80—140 cm土层含水量。在盛花期，T2处理120—140 cm土层含水量分别比T3，T4处理增加了11.40%和11.08%，这表明T2处理对此时期深层土壤水分的提高有明显的促进作用。胡麻成熟期表层土壤的含水量与盛花期相比有所下降，而100—200 cm土层的水分随灌水量的增加而明显增加，导致土壤中的无效水增多。随着灌水量增加，农田耗水量增加，而土壤贮水消耗量、降雨量和土壤贮水消耗量占农田总耗水量的比例均降低。可见，减少灌溉量可以提高胡麻对土壤贮水的吸收利用，降低了农田总耗水量，从而更有效地增加灌溉水分利用效率。与T0处理相比，T2处理的籽粒产量和产量水分利用效率分别显著增加36.50%和12.27%。因此，在本试验条件下，T2处理具有明显的增产节水效益。
- Abstract:
- In order to investigate the soil moisture dynamic characteristic and yield-increasing effect under different irrigation conditions, field experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of different irrigation modes on soil moisture, grain yield and water use efficiency of oil flax which was ‘Longyaza 1’. The experiment had five treatments: no irrigation during the whole growth season (represented as CK); irrigation amount was 80 mm at stem stage (T1); irrigation began at stem and full flowering stages, and irrigation amounts were 60 mm and 40 mm (T2), 80 mm and 40 mm (T3), respectively; irrigation was carried out at stem, squaring and full flowering stages, and irrigation amounts were also 60 mm, 40 mm and 40 mm (T4). The results showed that irrigation at stem stage and no irrigation at squaring stage were beneficial to the increase of 80—140 cm soil moisture. Moreover, T2 treatment increased 120—140 cm soil water storage at full flowering stage and enhanced by 11.40% and 11.08% compared with T3 and T4, suggesting that T2 treatment had an obvious promoting effect on the improvement of deep soil moisture during this period. The water content in topsoil layer at harvest decreased while the soil moisture in 100—200 cm layer obviously enhanced with the increase of irrigation amount in full flowering stage, but also could boost the invalid water in the soil. Generally, the total water consumption raised and the proportion of soil water consumption amount and precipitation to total water consumption amount reduced with the increase of irrigation amount. Therefore, reducing irrigation improved the absorption and utilization of soil storage water and decreased the total water consumption, which resulted in much more availably increase of irrigation water use efficiency. In addition, the yield and water use efficiency of T2 treatment significantly increased by 36.50% and 12.27% compared with T0, respectively. As far as water-saving and high-yield were concerned in the experiment, T2 has the distinct water-saving and yield-increasing benefits.
参考文献/References:
[1] 崔红艳,方子森,牛俊义.胡麻栽培技术的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(18):8-13.
[2] 崔红艳,胡发龙,方子森,等.不同水分处理对胡麻干物质积累与分配及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(5):34-40.
[3] 罗世武,王勇,岳国强,等.不同施肥水平与方法对胡麻的增产效应[J].现代农业科技,2009(15):10-11.
[4] 党占海,赵蓉英,王敏,等.国际视野下胡麻研究的可视化分析[J].中国麻业科学,2010,32(6):305-313.
[5] 崔红艳,许维成,孙毓民,等.有机肥对胡麻产量和品质的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(3):518-525.
[6] 张雷,李小燕,牛芬菊,等.旱地微垄地膜覆盖沟播栽培对土壤水分和胡麻产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2011,(4):95-97.
[7] 汪磊,严兴初,谭美莲.我国胡麻施肥技术研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(2):217-220.
[8] 姚玉璧,邓振镛,王润元,等.气候变化对甘肃胡麻生产的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2006,28(1):49-54.
[9] 山仑,徐萌.节水农业及其生理生态基础[J].应用生态学报,1991,2(1):70-76.
[10] 廖允成,韩思明,温晓霞.黄土台塬旱地小麦土壤水分特征及水分利用效率研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(3):55-58.
[11] 江晓东,李增嘉,侯连涛,等.少免耕对灌溉农田冬小麦/夏玉米作物水、肥利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(7):20-24.
[12] 张永丽,于振文.灌水量对不同小麦品种籽粒品质、产量及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(5):155-158.
[13] 沈荣开.土壤水资源及其计算方法浅议[J].水利学报,2008,39(12):1395-1400.
[14] 蒋静,冯绍元,王永胜,等.灌溉水量和水质对土壤水盐分布及春玉米耗水的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(11):2270-2279.
[15] Chaves M M, Maroco J P, Pereira J S. Understanding plant responses to drought:from genes to the whole plant[J]. Functional Plant Biology,2003,30(3):239-264.
[16] Jackson R B, Sperry J S, Dawson T E. Root water uptake and transport:using physiological processes in global predictions[J]. Trends in Plant Science,2000,5(11):482-488.
[17] Eapen D, Barroso M L, Ponce G, et al. Hydrotropism:root growth responses to water[J]. Trends in Plant Science,2005,10(1):44-50.
[18] 段爱旺,张寄阳.中国灌溉农田粮食作物水分利用效率的研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(4):41-44.
[19] 孙占祥,冯良山,杜桂娟,等.玉米灌溉田土壤水分变化及其耗水规律研究[J].玉米科学,2010,18(1):99-102,107.
[20] 康绍忠,张富仓.玉米生长条件下农田土壤水分动态预报方法的研究[J].生态学报,1997,17(3):245-251.
[21] 李淑文,于淼,杜建云,等.不同灌水处理下土壤水分动态及玉米水分利用效率研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2010,33(4):17-21.
[22] 邓西平,山仑.旱地春小麦对有效灌溉水高效利用的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1995,13(3):42-46.
[23] 宋淑亚,刘文兆,王俊,等.覆盖方式对玉米农田土壤水分、作物产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(2):210-212.
[24] 王德梅,于振文.灌溉量和灌溉时期对小麦耗水特性和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(9):1965-1970.
[25] 褚鹏飞,王东,张永丽,等.灌水时期和灌水量对小麦耗水特性、籽粒产量及蛋白质组分含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1306-1315.
[26] 王志敏,王璞,李绪厚,等.冬小麦节水省肥高产简化栽培理论与技术[J].中国农业科技导报,2006,8(5):38-44.
[27] 张永玲,肖让,成自勇.膜上灌对河西绿洲灌区玉米水分利用效率和产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2010(5):9-10.
[28] 高延军,张喜英,陈素英,等.冬小麦品种间水分利用效率的差异及其影响因子分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2004,23(5):45-49.
[29] Kang S, Zhang L, Liang Y, et al. Effects of limited irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2002,55(3):203-216.
[30] 苑涛,何秉宇.干旱区水资源承载力分析及应用[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):341-342.
[31] 张显双,李秋梅,李红蕊,等.水土保持是水土资源可持续利用的基础[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(6):79-80.
[32] 张小红,张绪成.半干旱区旱地不同覆盖方式对糜子耗水和产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(5):29-34.
相似文献/References:
[1]徐学选,陈国良,马国忠.胡麻产量对干旱的响应研究及其在潜力计算中的应用[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(01):70.
Xu Xuexuan,Chen Guoliang,Ma Guozhong.Study on the Response of Flax Yield to Drought and Its Application in Yield Estimation[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(01):70.
[2]赵克学,陈国良,郭保安,等.宁南山区旱地胡麻生产力与水分利用特征[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(01):76.
Zhao Kexue,Chen Guoliang,Guo Baoan,et al.Study on Dryland Flax’s Productivity and its Characters of Water Use in Southern Ningxia Hilly Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(01):76.
[3]陈晓歌,马耀光.不同灌水和施氮对黄土性土壤中NO3--N迁移和淋失的影响[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(05):109.
CHEN Xiao-ge,MA Yao-guang.Effect of Different Irrigation Water and Nitrigen Rate on Transfer and Leach Soil NO3--N in Loess Soil[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(01):109.
[4]吴兵,高玉红,高珍妮,等.施肥对旱地胡麻耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(03):188.
WU Bing,GAO Yuhong,GAO Zhenni,et al.Effects of Fertilization on Water Consumption Characteristic and Grain Yield of Linum usitatissimum L. in Dry Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(01):188.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2015-11-16;改回日期:2016-03-17。
基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-17-GW-9）
作者简介:燕鹏(1990-),男,甘肃金昌人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为作物栽培学与耕作学。E-mail:1248517282@qq.com
通讯作者:方子森(1958-),男,甘肃兰州人,教授,主要从事大田作物和中草药栽培研究。E-mail:fangzs@gsau.edu.cn