[1]李啸虎,杨德刚.基于水足迹的节水型城郊种植业结构优化研究——以乌鲁木齐市为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(01):298-304.
　LI Xiaohu,YANG Degang.Study of the Structure Optimization of Water-Saving Suburban Cropping in Arid Lands Based on the Water Footprint—A Case Study in Urumqi City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(01):298-304.
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基于水足迹的节水型城郊种植业结构优化研究——以乌鲁木齐市为例

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 24 期数: 2017年01期 页码: 298-304 栏目: 出版日期: 2017-02-28
Title:
Study of the Structure Optimization of Water-Saving Suburban Cropping in Arid Lands Based on the Water Footprint—A Case Study in Urumqi City
作者:
李啸虎1, 杨德刚2
1. 新疆财经大学 旅游学院, 乌鲁木齐 830012;
2. 中国科学院 新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011
Author(s):
LI Xiaohu1, YANG Degang2
1. College of Tourism, Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics, Urumqi 830012, China;
2. Xijiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
关键词:
水足迹; 城郊种植业优化; 线性规划模型; 乌鲁木齐市
Keywords:
water footprint; optimization of suburban planting; model of linear programming; Urumqi City
分类号:
F323.213;F326.1;X824
摘要:
干旱区城郊种植业的发展进一步加剧了当地水资源短缺，水足迹方法能够完整、清晰描述作物耗水特征，基于水足迹进行种植业结构调整对于干旱区种植业持续健康发展和水资源合理高效利用具有重要的指导意义。以干旱区绿洲城市乌鲁木齐市为例，估算当地农作物水足迹，并以此为基础综合考虑经济、生态和社会等因素，构建了基于水足迹的多目标优化模型，探讨节水型城郊种植业结构调整路径。研究表明：可持续发展模式具有蓝水、灰水足迹较低、收益较高、耕地规模适宜的特点，可作为种植业发展规划的基础方案。根据此方案，预计到2015年，种植面积将控制在6.65万hm2之内，粮油作物、果蔬作物和其他作物的比例为35∶49∶16。就目前而言，应通过调减高蓝水消耗的粮油作物面积，增加低耗水的果蔬类作物面积，提高农肥利用率等措施来提高种植业用水效率、降低水污染，实施结构优化。
Abstract:
Cropping systems have been developed in the outskirts of oasis cities, which had intensified water scarcity. The water footprint method can be used to comprehensively and clearly describe the characteristics of crop water consumption, and can be used as a guide to develop sustainable cropping and suitable use of water resources by adjusting cropping structure based on the water footprint in arid land. We selected Urumqi City as a typical oasis city in the arid area. We analyzed the water consumption of crops in Urumqi City using the water footprint model, and considered the factors of economy, ecology, and society. A new multiobjective programming (MOP) model of planting structure was generated based on the water footprint in order to analyze adjustment programs for water-saving suburban planting in arid lands. This study revealed the following findings. The sustainable project had characteristics of a low blue and grey footprint, higher profit, and suitable farmland scale. Urumqi City can focus on the following approaches in order to optimize its cropping structure. Based on the results of the study, the total cropping area in 2015 should be limited to approximately 6.65×104 hm2, with a ratio of 35∶49∶16 of grain and oil crops, fruits and vegetable crops, and other crops. The first objective in the near future is to reduce the planting areas growing crops with high consumption of blue water, such as grain and oil crops. The second is to increase the acreage of fruits and vegetables utilizing less blue water. In addition, the rate of fertilizer utilization should be improved. Thus, the water use efficiency of cropping systems can be improved and water pollution can be reduced in order to achieve structural optimization.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2015-10-03;改回日期:2015-10-20。
基金项目:新疆财经大学博士启动基金“资源与环境约束下区域旅游业效率测度与全要素生产率评价”（2015BS001）
作者简介:李啸虎(1978-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,博士,副教授,主要从事水资源利用与区域可持续发展研究。E-mail:361196358@qq.com
通讯作者:杨德刚(1962-),男,新疆阜康人,研究员,主要从事区域发展研究。E-mail:dgyang@ms.xjb.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01