WU Yanchao,ZHAO Cuiwei,HAN Bingqian.Characteristics of Land Topographic Gradient Caused by Temporal and Spatial Evolution in Mountainous Watershed—A Case Study of Northern Wujiang[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(01):161-166.
山地流域土地利用时空演变的地形梯度特征——以乌江北源为例
- Title:
- Characteristics of Land Topographic Gradient Caused by Temporal and Spatial Evolution in Mountainous Watershed—A Case Study of Northern Wujiang
- Keywords:
- land use; topographic gradient; effect analysis; mountainous watershed
- 分类号:
- F301.2
- 摘要:
- 地形因子是丘陵山区土地利用空间分布格局的重要影响因素之一，对土地的利用方式和空间格局有着直接作用。以乌江北源2000年、2005年和2010年Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像为数据源，采用高程、坡度、地形位指数3个指标，分析了山地流域土地利用时空演变的地形梯度特征。结果表明：（1）2000—2010年，林地、建设用地和水域用地面积增加，耕地和草地面积减少。土地利用类型以林地和耕地为主，反映了山地流域土地利用结构特点；（2）研究区土地利用类型的地形梯度特征明显。耕地、建设用地、水域用地在低地形梯度上有明显分布优势。林地、未利用地分布优势在高地形梯度上；（3）耕地、建设用地优势分布主要受坡度梯度的影响，高程梯度决定了水域用地的分布，这与其他平原、丘陵地区有所不同。地形因素是山地流域土地利用结构演变的决定性因素，其他社会、经济、人文因素都对该区域土地利用格局的转变起到推动作用。在对山地流域土地开发利用过程中，应兼顾生态效益和社会经济效益，保障河流源区生态经济的持续发展。
- Abstract:
- Terrain factor is one of the most important factors in spatial distribution pattern of land use in hilly and mountainous areas, which has a direct effect on the land use pattern and spatial pattern. Based on the remote sensing data of Landsat TM/ETM images in 2000, 2005, and 2010, from the perspectives of elevation, slope and terrain index, we analyzed the land use spatiotemporal evolution along the terrain gradient features in mountainous watershed area. The results showed that: (1) from 2000 to 2010, forestland, construction land and water area increased, farmland and grassland areas reduced, land use type gave the priority to forestland and cultivated land which reflected the characteristics of mountain watershed land use structure; (2) type terrain gradient feature of study area land use was obvious, cultivated land, construction land, water area had obvious advantages in low gradient and forestland and unused land had distribution advantage on the high terrain gradient; (3) the advantage of distribution of cultivated land and construction land was mainly affected by slope, elevation gradient determined the distribution of water area, which was different from plain and hilly regions. Topography is the decisive factor in the evolution of the land use structure in mountainous watershed regions, and social, economic, cultural factors promote the change of the land use pattern. In the course of land exploitation of mountain watershed, the consideration should be given to both ecological profit, social profit and economic profit to ensure sustainable development of ecological economy in the river source areas.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-01-08;改回日期:2016-02-04。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金“西南山地流域城市化与生态环境的耦合关系研究——以乌江北源为例”（41261039）；贵州省科技厅社发攻关项目“资金约束条件下河流源区生态重建研究——以乌江流域为例”（黔科合SY字[2013]3168号）
作者简介:吴彦潮(1990-),男,江苏徐州人,在读硕士,研究方向为土地利用与资源环境。E-mail:745778788@qq.com
通讯作者:赵翠薇(1968-),女(白族),贵州大方人,教授,主要从事山地流域土地利用与生态环境保护研究。E-mail:zhaocuiwei@sohu.com