JIANG Guantao,GAO Peng,MU Xingmin,et al.Effect of Conversion of Farmland to Forestland or Grassland on the Change in Runoff and Sediment in the Upper Reaches of Beiluo River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(06):1-6.
退耕还林(草)对北洛河上游水沙变化的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Conversion of Farmland to Forestland or Grassland on the Change in Runoff and Sediment in the Upper Reaches of Beiluo River
- Keywords:
- conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland; change in runoff and sediment; change point analysis; the upper reaches of the Beiluo River
- 分类号:
- P333
- 摘要:
- 为探究黄土高原地区退耕还林（草）政策的水沙响应问题，以植被恢复较好的北洛河上游为研究区域，根据其控制站吴起水文站1971—2010年4—10月实测水沙资料，定量分析降水量、径流量和输沙量三个水文要素的变化趋势和发生突变的年份。结果表明：1971—2010年，降水量并未发生显著的趋势性变化，径流量和输沙量呈显著减小趋势；综合四种突变点检验方法结果，并结合水土保持措施资料，确定径流量和输沙量的突变年份为2002年；利用双累积曲线定量分析降水和以退耕还林（草）为主的人类活动对径流量与输沙量的影响，相对于1971—2002年，2003—2010年降水和人类活动对径流量的影响程度分别为70.8%和29.2%，对输沙量的影响程度分别为34.0%和66.0%。植被的减沙作用明显大于减水作用，以退耕还林（草）为主的人类活动是北洛河上游流域泥沙减少的主要驱动力。
- Abstract:
- Grain for Green Program launched since 1999 has resulted in a great vegetation restoration in the upper reaches of the Beiluo River on the Loess Plateau, China, which fundamentally influenced hydrological cycle and sediment transportation. The objectives of this work are to quantify the change trend and identify change points of precipitation, runoff and sediment load through April to October from 1971 to 2010. The result showed that a significant downward trend in the runoff and sediment and no significant trend in the precipitation were found during the period of record; combined with the data of the measures of soil and water conservation, the analysis of four kinds of change points revealed that mutations of runoff and sediment emerged in 2002; the double accumulative curve was applied to quantitatively analyze the effect of precipitation and human activities. Taking the period from 1971 to 2002 as the base span, we obtained that the rates of contribution of precipitation and human activities to the reduced runoff accounted for 70.8% and 29.2%, respectively; the rates of contribution of precipitation and human activities to the decreased sediment were 34.0% and 66.0%, respectively, in the period from 2003 to 2010. Compared to former periods, conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland in the study area was expected to be the driven factor to the decrease of sediment transportation.
参考文献/References:
[1] 刘昌明,张学成.黄河干流实际来水量不断减少的成因分析[J].地理学报,2004,59(3):323-330.
[2] 张学成,王玲,高贵成.黄河泥沙动态分析[J].泥沙研究,2002(1):43-52.
[3] 赵广举,穆兴民,田鹏,等.近60a黄河中游水沙变化趋势及其影响因素分析[J].资源科学,2012,34(6):1070-1078.
[4] Wang H J, Bi N S, Satio Y, et al. Recent changes in sediment delivery by the Huanghe(Yellow River)to the sea:Causes and environmental implications in its estuary[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2010,391(3):302-313.
[5] Liu C, Sui J, Wang Z Y. Changes in runoff and sediment yield along the Yellow River during the period from 1950 to 2006[J]. Journal of Environmental Informatics,2008,12(2):129-139.
[6] 张建云,王国庆,贺瑞敏,等.黄河中游水文变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应[J].水科学进展,2009,20(2):153-158.
[7] 冉大川,柳林旺,赵力仪,等.黄河中游河口镇至龙门区间水土保持与水沙变化[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2000.
[8] 于一鸣,汪上和.黄河中游多沙粗沙区水土保持减水减沙效益及水沙变化趋势研究[C]//黄河流域水土保持研究.郑州:黄河水利出版社,1997.
[9] 王兮之,索安宁,洪军,等.黄土高原泾河流域水沙特征分析[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):22-25.
[10] 康玲玲,魏长义,张胜利,等.北洛河流域近期水沙变化原因水文分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2009,20(5):41-43.
[11] 马勇,秦百顺,王宏,等.渭河水沙变化及其影响因素分析[J].中国水土保持,2002(8):18-20.
[12] 刘宇峰,孙虎,原志华.近60 a来汾河入黄河水沙演变特征及驱动因素[J].山地学报,2010,28(6):668-673.
[13] 高照良,付艳玲,张建军,等.近50 a黄河中游流域水沙过程及对退耕的响应[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):99-105.
[14] 王光谦,张长春,刘家宏,等.黄河流域多沙粗沙区植被覆盖变化与减水减沙效益分析[J].泥沙研究,2006(2):10-16.
[15] 高鹏,穆兴民,李锐,等.黄河支流无定河水沙变化趋势及其驱动因素[J].泥沙研究,2009(5):22-28.
[16] 周园园,师长兴,范小黎,等.国内水文序列变异点分析方法及在各流域应用研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(11):1361-1369.
[17] 谢平,陈广才,雷红富,等.水文变异诊断系统[J].水力发电学报,2010,29(1):85-91.
[18] 吴旗县地方志编纂委员会.吴旗县县志[M].西安:三秦出版社,1991.
[19] 定边县志编撰委员会.定边县志[M].北京:方志出版社,2003.
[20] 张胜利.从"94·8"暴雨洪水看黄河中游水利水保工程的作用和问题[J].中国水土保持,1995(5):45-50.
[21] 雷红富,谢平,陈广才,等.水文序列变异点检验方法的性能比较分析[J].水电能源科学,2007,25(4):36-40.
[22] 丁晶,邓育仁.随机水文学[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1998.
[23] 李保敏,张俊芝,吴旭,等.基于Mann-Kendall法和有序聚类法的径流变化特征研究[J].海河水利,2012(2):37-38.
[24] 周旭,穆兴民,张鑫,等.秃尾河流域水土保持措施对河流泥沙变化的影响[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):15-19.
[25] 穆兴民,张秀勤,高鹏,等.双累积曲线方法理论及在水文气象领域应用中应注意的问题[J].水文,2010,30(4):47-51.
[26] 穆兴民,巴桑赤烈,ZHANG Lu,等.黄河河口镇至龙门区间来水来沙变化及其对水利水保措施的响应[J].泥沙研究,2007(2):36-41.
[27] Gao P, Mu X M, Wang F, et al. Changes in streamflow and sediment discharge and the response to human activities in the middle reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2011,15(1):1-10.
[28] 薛阿亮,常庆瑞,吴琴.基于遥感影像的吴起县土地利用/覆盖动态监测分析[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(2):168-172.
[29] 周文渊,郭建英,孙保平,等.吴起县退耕还林工程实施前后土地利用/覆盖变化[J].中国水土保持,2010(7):45-48.
[30] 秦伟,朱清科,刘广全,等.北洛河上游生态建设的水沙调控效应[J].水利学报,2010,41(11):1325-1332.
[31] 焦居仁,蒲朝勇,王保安,等.吴旗县水土保持生态建设调查报告[J].中国水土保持,2001(11):10-12.
相似文献/References:
[1]师阳阳,陈云明,张光辉,等.不同退耕年限撂荒地植物多样性及生物量分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):36.
SHI Yang-yang,CHEN Yun-ming,ZHANG Guang-hui,et al.Investigation into the Species Diversity and Biomass of Plants in the Abandoned Farmlands with Different Restoration Years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):36.
[2]彭珂珊.黄土高原水土流失区退耕还林(草)的基本思路[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(02):164.
PENG Keshan.Thinking for Returning the Grain Plots to Forest and Grass Lands in Soil and Water Loess Areas on Loss Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(06):164.
[3]沈燕舟,张明波,黄燕.大通江、平洛河水保措施减水减沙分析[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(01):34.
SHEN Yan-zhou,ZHANG Ming-bo,HUANG Yan.Analysis of the Soil and Water Conservation Measures Reducing Runoff and Sediment in the Datong and Pingluo River Basins[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(06):34.
[4]冉大川,吴永红.泾河流域水土保持生态环境建设与治理方略刍议[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(02):58.
RAN Dachuan,WU Yonghong.Discussion on Controlling Guideline and Eco-environmental Construction of Soil and Water Conservation in Jinghe River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(06):58.
[5]杨美玲,米文宝,廖力君.宁夏南部山区退耕还林(草)中的人口与发展问题研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(03):130.
YANG Mei-ling,MI Wen-bao,LIAO Li-jun.Study on the Conflict Between Population and Development in the Areas Returning Farmland to Forest and Grassland in Southern Ningxia[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(06):130.
[6]焦峰,温仲明,李锐.黄土高原退耕还林(草)环境效应分析[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(01):26.
JIAO Feng,WEN Zhong-ming,LI Rui.Analysis on Environment Effect of the Returning Farmland into Forest and Grassland on the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(06):26.
[7]郝仕龙,安韶山,李壁成,等.黄土丘陵区退耕还林(草)土壤环境效应[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(03):29.
HAO Shi-long,AN Shao-shan,LI Bi-cheng,et al.Effects of Converting Farm Land to Forest and Grass Land in the Hilly-gully Region of Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(06):29.
[8]马元旭,来红州.荆江与洞庭湖区近50年水沙变化的研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(04):103.
MA Yuan-xu,LAI Hong-zhou.Research on the Variations of the Water and Sediment for Recent 50 Years in the Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(06):103.
[9]彭浩.黑河流域退耕还林(草)工程社会评价调查研究——以甘肃省张掖市为例[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(06):204.
PENG Hao.Research on Social Evaluation of Turning the Cultivated Land into Forests or Grasslands Project in Heihe River Basin——Take Zhangye Prefecture in Gansu Province as an Example[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(06):204.
[10]崔力拓,李志伟.坡地退耕还林(草)对土壤磷素流失的影响[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(06):272.
CUI Li-tuo,LI Zhi-wei.Effect of Returning Farmland to Forest (Grass) on Phosphorus Runoff of Slope Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(06):272.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2014-11-06;改回日期:2015-01-05。
基金项目:国家自然基金（41371277）；中国科学院重点部署项目（KZZD-EW-04-03）
作者简介:蒋观滔(1990-),男,湖北黄梅人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水土保持和流域生态水文。E-mail:guantaojiang@nwsuaf.edu.cn
通讯作者:高鹏(1976-),男,陕西扶风人,博士,副研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为水土保持和流域生态水文。E-mail:gaopeng@ms.iswc.ac.cn