[1]赵佐平,同延安,刘智峰,等.陕西省果园磷素投入特点及磷负荷风险分析[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(05):25-29.
　ZHAO Zuoping,TONG Yanan,LIU Zhifeng,et al.Analysis of Phosphorus Inputs and Phosphorus Load Risk in Major Orchard Regions of Shaanxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(05):25-29.
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陕西省果园磷素投入特点及磷负荷风险分析

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 22 期数: 2015年05期 页码: 25-29 栏目: 出版日期: 2015-10-28
Title:
Analysis of Phosphorus Inputs and Phosphorus Load Risk in Major Orchard Regions of Shaanxi Province
作者:
赵佐平1,2, 同延安2, 刘智峰1,2, 段敏1, 李琛1, 王彦民1
1. 陕西理工学院, 陕西 汉中 723001;
2. 西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
Author(s):
ZHAO Zuoping1,2, TONG Yanan2, LIU Zhifeng1,2, DUAN Min1, LI Chen1, WANG Yanmin1
1. Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China;
2. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
关键词:
果园; 磷素投入; 磷负荷; 风险分析; 陕西省
Keywords:
orchards; phosphorus inputs; phosphorus load; risk analysis; Shaanxi Province
分类号:
X147.2
摘要:
以陕西果园调查数据为基础，采用盈余法从果树种类和区域尺度分析果园生产体系中的磷素输入输出特点及盈余状况。结果表明：陕西果园磷肥投入过量与不足并存，调查中55.8%果园施肥处于过量，不足占27.8%。化学磷肥平均投入量为366.1 kg/hm2，通过有机肥投入的磷仅为72.8 kg/hm2。果园土壤磷盈余与亏缺并存，80.3%的果园处于盈余，其盈余量超过300 kg/hm2，占43.1%。19.7%的果园处于亏缺，平均亏缺量为-25.8 kg/hm2。不同类型果园比较，猕猴桃果园盈余量较高，为472.3 kg/hm2，而葡萄园和苹果园盈余量分别为365.9 kg/hm2，355.6 kg/hm2。不同区域比较，关中灌区盈余量（351.8 kg/hm2）高于渭北旱塬（315.5 kg/hm2）。调查区果园磷肥的不合理投入将会给果园土壤环境带来较大的环境负荷。
Abstract:
Accurate information about current soil nutrient concentrations in orchards is necessary for making recommendations about future fertilizer application rates. Additional information is needed about the amount of soil P surplus in the orchards of Shaanxi Province, which is the main apple and kiwi production region in China. Analysis of P inputs and P loading is important for P management in orchards. The objective of this study was to quantify both the P application rates and the amount of surplus P in orchards in Shaanxi Province. The information was collected from farmer interviews and an agricultural statistics database. The data were analyzed using the P balance method. The results showed that P fertilizer application had the excess and deficiency phenomenon. The P fertilizer application rates averaged 366.1 kg/hm2 among the orchards surveyed in this study. Manure application accounted for 72.8 kg P2 O5/hm2, nearly 20% of the orchards existed phosphorus deficiency, more than 80% of the orchards had phosphorus surplus. Nearly, 43.1% of the orchards had a phosphorus surplus of more than 300 kg P2 O5/hm2. Among the different kinds of orchards, kiwi orchards had the highest rate of surplus phosphorus 472.3 kg P2 O5/hm2, the grape orchards and apple orchards had the rates of phosphorus surplus of 365.9, 355.6 kg P2 O5/hm2, respectively. In irrigated areas of central Shaanxi Province, the P2 O5 surplus averaged 351.8 kg/hm2 which was greater than the surplus amount in the Weibei rainfed region. High phosphorus inputs to orchards in some regions of Shaanxi Province led to high phosphorus loading, which will increase environmental risks in the region.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2015-04-20;改回日期:2015-05-05。
基金项目:国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203045）；农业部农业环境重点实验室开放基金资助（2015）；陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目（12JK0653）；陕西理工学院人才启动项目（SLGKYQD2-07）
作者简介:赵佐平(1982-),男,陕西旬阳人,博士,主要从事环境质量与果树营养研究。E-mail:zhaozuoping@126.com

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01