LIANG Jin-xiu,ZHAO Ying,GUO Xin-nian,et al.Effect of Fertilization and Sprinkling Irrigation on the Yield of Spring Maize and Soil Water and Salt Movement in Light Sierozems[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(05):126-131.
施肥对淡灰钙土春玉米产量和土壤水盐运移的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Fertilization and Sprinkling Irrigation on the Yield of Spring Maize and Soil Water and Salt Movement in Light Sierozems
- Keywords:
- sprinkling irrigation and fertilization; light sierozems; spring maize; yield; soil water and salt movement
- 分类号:
- S513;S152.7
- 摘要:
- 在宁夏灌区淡灰钙土上，通过田间试验的方法，研究了喷灌和漫灌条件下不同氮磷钾施用量对春玉米产量和土壤水盐运移动态的影响。结果表明：不同施肥处理的平均产量为6.9～13.2 t/hm2，变异系数为2.7%～13.6%。相对于对照处理，不同氮磷钾配比都能显著提高产量（不施氮肥处理除外，P < 0.05），增产率为12.7%～92.5%。氮磷钾施用量与春玉米产量都服从二次曲线关系，增产效应为氮肥 > 钾肥 > 磷肥。在玉米生育期内，喷灌更有利于0—20 cm和20—50 cm土层土壤水分分布的均匀性，而漫灌造成土壤水分向深层50—80 cm运移。在喷灌条件下，土壤盐分通常表聚在0—20 cm土层，其最高含量可达2.11 g/kg，而漫灌使盐分向深层土壤运移，50—80 cm土层盐分含量达0.53～1.07 g/kg。因此，在淡灰钙土春玉米种植条件下，喷灌配合氮磷钾施肥可显著增产，但其对耕层土壤的洗盐效果不及漫灌施肥。
- Abstract:
- A field experiment was conducted in light sierozems soil to study the effects of flood irrigation, sprinkling irrigation and different N, P2O5, K2 O application rates on the yield of spring maize and the dynamics of soil water and salt in the Yellow River Irrigation Region. The results showed that the yield of spring maize ranged from 6.9 to 13.2 t/hm2, and coefficient of variation of ranged from 2.4% to 13.6%. In contrast to treatment CK (no any fertilizers), there were significant differences (P < 0.05) found in different combination of N, P 2O5, K2 O rates (except in treatment of no N fertilizer), the yield increment ranged from 12.7% to 92.5%. Quadratic relationships were used to describe the relations between N, P 2O5, K2 O rates and the spring maize yield, and the yield increasing effect was N > P2O5 > K2 O. During the growing period of spring maize, sprinkling irrigation was benefit for soil water distribution uniformity in both 0—20 cm and 20-50 cm soil depth, but soil water moved to deep soil of 50—80 cm. Soil salt always accumulated in topsoil of 0—20 cm under the sprinkling irrigation condition, and the highest soil salt content was found with 2.11 g/kg. However, soil salt moved to deep soil of 50—80 cm under the flood irrigation condition, and which ranged from 0.53 to 1.07 g/kg. Therefore, sprinkling irrigation and combination applying of N, P 2O5, K2 O fertilizers could significantly increase crop yield, but salt movement from topsoil with sprinkling irrigation was less than that with flood irrigation.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2013-11-08;改回日期:2014-01-06。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金“生物质炭对于扬黄灌区土壤水分运动和利用的影响机理与效应“（51269025）；宁夏自治区农业综合开发办项目“耕地地力提升及多元养分调控技术集成与推广”课题（NFKJ-2012-04）
作者简介:梁锦秀(1962-),女,宁夏银川市人,副研究员,硕士,主要研究方向为植物营养。E-mail:liangjinxiu0951@163.com
通讯作者:周涛(1966-),男,重庆巴县人,研究员,理学博士,主要研究方向为土壤生态与植物营养。E-mail:zhoutao6084609@163.com