ZHANG Li,ZHANG Qing-feng,XU Jian,et al.Study on the Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Surface Roughness during the Course of Water Erosion[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(02):6-10,16.
坡面水蚀过程中地表糙度的空间异质性研究
- Title:
- Study on the Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Surface Roughness during the Course of Water Erosion
- Keywords:
- surface roughness; spatial heterogeneity; GIS; geostatistics; fractal dimension
- 分类号:
- S157
- 摘要:
- 地表糙度是影响土壤侵蚀过程的重要因子之一，也是土壤侵蚀学科领域研究的热点问题，准确把握水蚀过程中地表糙度的空间异质性特征，对进一步理解土壤侵蚀过程具有重要意义。该文以黄土高原人工锄耕（AB）坡面地表糙度为研究对象，采用地统计学和GIS技术相结合的方法研究了微尺度（2 cm×2 cm）下地表糙度由雨前（BR）→溅蚀（SpE）→面蚀（ShE）→细沟侵蚀（RE）演化过程中的空间异质性特征。结果表明：地表糙度在各侵蚀阶段均呈弱变异性；半方差函数理论模型分析表明雨前（BR）、溅蚀（SpE）阶段符合指数模型，面蚀（ShE）阶段符合球状模型，细沟侵蚀（RE）阶段符合高斯模型；从空间结构特征来看，各侵蚀阶段均具有中等程度的空间自相关性，空间异质性受随机性因素和结构性因素共同作用，其自相关距分别为0.46 m，0.28 m，1.29 m，1.04 m；分形维数分析表明不同水蚀过程中地表糙度的空间变异主要发生在较小尺度上。研究结果可为进一步揭示水蚀过程中地表糙度与土壤侵蚀的相互耦合关系奠定基础。
- Abstract:
- Surface roughness is one of the most important factors affecting soil erosion process, and is also the hotspot in research filed of soil erosion. Exactly grasping the spatial heterogeneity of surface roughness in water erosion process is of significance for further understanding the process of soil erosion. This paper took the surface roughness of artificial backhoe cultivated in loess plateau as research objects, analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of surface roughness during the development of soil erosion from the stages of before rain (BR), splash erosion (SpE), sheet erosion (ShE) to rill erosion (RE) by the method of geostatistics and Geographical Information System (GIS) technique under the micro-scale (2 cm×2 cm) conditions.The results showed that the surface roughness at all stages of soil erosion presented a weak variation. Analysis of variance of theoretical variogram models showed that before rain (BR) and splash erosion (SpE) followed exponential model, sheet erosion (ShE) followed spherical model, and rill erosion (RE) followed Gaussian model. In terms of spatial structure, each stage of soil erosion all showed moderate spatial autocorrelation. The spatial heterogeneity was resulted from both structural factors and random factors. The autocorrelation distance of the stage of before rain (BR), splash erosion (SpE), sheet erosion (ShE) and rill erosion were 0.46 m，0.28 m，1.29 m and 1.04 m, respectively. Fractal dimension analysis showed that the spatial variability of surface roughness in the different process of water erosion mainly occurred on the smaller scales. The results can offer a foundation for revealing the coupling relationship between surface roughness and soil erosion in the process of water erosion.
参考文献/References:
[1] 郑子成,何淑勤,吴发启.坡面水蚀过程中地表糙度的研究进展[J].节水灌溉,2008(8):8-12.
[2] Burwell R E, Larson W E. Infiltration as influenced by tillage-induced random roughness and pore space[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(3):449-452.
[3] 吴发启,赵晓光,刘秉正.缓坡耕地侵蚀环境及动力机制分析[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2000.
[4] Takken I, Govers G, Jetten V, et al. Effects of tillage on runoff and erosion patterns[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2001,61(1):55-60.
[5] Martin Y, Valeo C, Tait M. Centimetre-scale digital representations of terrain and impacts on depression storage and runoff[J]. Catena,2008,75(2):223-233.
[6] 苏松锦,刘金福,何中声,等.格氏栲天然林土壤养分空间异质性[J].生态学报,2012,32(18):5673-5682.
[7] 赵安玖,胡庭兴,陈小红.森林类型对土壤表层有机碳空间异质性的影响[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(10):1748-1756.
[8] 郭旭东,傅伯杰,马克明,等.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究:以河北省遵化市为例[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(4):557-563.
[9] 赵龙山,宋向阳,张青峰,等.黄土坡耕地地表微地形空间变异性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(1):146-150.
[10] 高树静,赵龙山,梁心蓝,等.人工降雨条件下坡耕地地表糙度的时空变异分布研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(3):12-16.
[11] 王军,傅伯杰,邱扬,等.黄土高原小流域土壤养分的空间异质性[J].生态学报,2002,22(8):1173-1178.
[12] 赵军,张久明,孟凯,等.地统计学及在黑土区域土壤养分空间异质性分析中的应用:以海伦市为例[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):53-57.
[13] 郭旭东,傅伯杰,马克明,等.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究:以河北省遵化市为例[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(4):557-563.
[14] 张莉,张青峰,郑子成,等.基于M-DEM的黄土人工锄耕坡面水系分维特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(5):7-11.
[15] 赵龙山,张青峰,梁心蓝,等.基于GIS的坡耕地数字高程模型的建立与应用[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):317-322.
[16] Si J H, Feng Q, Yu T, et al. Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in Ejina oasis[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2009,28(12):2600-2606.
[17] 李小昱,雷延武,王为.农田土壤特性的空间变异性及分形特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2000,18(4):61-65.
[18] 薛冬,姚槐应,何振立,等.红壤酶活性与肥力的关系[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(8):1455-1458.
[19] 郑纪勇,邵明安,张兴昌.黄土区坡面表层土壤容重和饱和导水率空间变异特征[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):53-56.
[20] Vieira, S R Hatfield J L, Nielsen D R. Geostatistical theory and application to variability of some agronomical properties[J]. Hilgardia,1982,51(3):74-75.
[21] 陈玉福,于飞海,董鸣.毛乌素沙地沙生半灌木群落的空间异质性[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):568-572.
[22] 王存国,韩士杰,张军辉,等.长白山阔叶红松林表层土壤水分空间异质性的地统计学分析[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):849-855.
[23] 刘春利,胡伟,贾宏福,等.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区坡地土壤剖面饱和导水率空间异质性[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1211-1219.
[24] 张伟,陈洪松,王克林,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地坡面土壤养分空间变异性研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(1):68-73.
[25] Ettema C H, Wardle D A. Spatial soil ecology[J]. Trends in Ecology & Evolution,2002,17(4):177-183.
[26] 郑子成,何淑勤,吴发启.降雨对地表糙度影响的研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(2):151-154.
[27] 张霞,贾莲莲,李占斌,等.模拟降雨条件下地表糙度动态变化特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):16-20.
相似文献/References:
[1]毛吉旦木·地力夏提,王勇辉,海米提·依米提.博、精河下游河岸带土壤速效养分空间异质性分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):19.
Mawjud·Dilxat,WANG Yong-hui,Hamid·Yimit.Analysis of Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Available Nutrients in Riparian Zone of Bohe and Jinghe River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):19.
[2]张霞,贾莲莲,李占斌,等.模拟降雨条件下地表糙度动态变化特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):16.
ZHANG Xia,JIA Lian-lian,LI Zhan-bin,et al.Study on Dynamical Variation Characteristics of Surface Roughness under Field Simulated Rainfall Condition[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):16.
[3]郑子成,何淑勤,吴发启.降雨对地表糙度影响的研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(02):151.
ZHENG Zicheng,HE Shuqin,WU Faqi.Research on Rainfall Effect on Surface Roughness[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(02):151.
[4]郭建华,吴发启,梁心兰,等.坡耕地地表糙度对降水分配的实验研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(03):11.
GUO Jian-hua,WU Fa-qi,LIANG Xin-lan,et al.Effects of Soil Surface Roughness on Water Transformation in Cultivated Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(02):11.
[5]高树静,赵龙山,梁心蓝,等.人工降雨条件下坡耕地地表糙度的时空变异分布研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(03):12.
GAO Shu-jing,ZHAO Long-shan,LIANG Xin-lan,et al.Surface Roughness Spatiotemporal Distribution of the Slope Land under Simulated Rainfall[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(02):12.
[6]柳锦宝,姚云军,张永福.基于分维的多尺度植被空间格局分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(01):155.
LIU Jin-bao,YAO Yun-jun,ZHANG Yong-fu.The Analysis of Multi-scale Spatial Patterns of Vegetation Based on Fractal Geometry[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(02):155.
[7]魏舟,李光录,候雷,等.点云数据抽稀与加密对微地形数据分析的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(03):283.
WEI Zhou,LI Guanglu,HOU Lei,et al.Effect of Rarefied or Encrypted Point Cloud Data on the Analysis of Micro Topography Observation[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(02):283.
[8]李英臣,侯翠翠,李小宇,等.不同秸秆还田方式对黄土高原坡耕地土壤呼吸的影响[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(05):122.
LI Yingchen,HOU Cuicui,LI Xiaoyu,et al.Effects of Different Straw Returning Patterns on Soil Respiration in Sloping Cropland of the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(02):122.
[9]赵光旭,王全九,杨婷,等.坡面地表填洼量估算方法研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(06):89.
ZHAO Guangxu,WANG Quanjiu,YANG Ting,et al.Study on Estimation Method of Depression Storage of Slope Surface[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(02):89.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2013-07-13;改回日期:2013-08-07。
基金项目:陕西省自然科学基金项目（2011JM5007）；国家自然科学基金项目“黄土坡耕地地表糙度对产汇流的影响研究”（41271288）
作者简介:张莉(1985-),女,甘肃会宁人,硕士生,研究方向:地图学与地理信息系统。E-mail:zhangli11@yeah.net
通讯作者:张青峰(1974-),男,山西孝义人,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事地图学与地理信息系统、土地资源与空间信息技术方面的研究。E-mail:zhqf@nwsuaf.edu.cn