HUANG Xin-hui,LI Xiao-ying,MU Xing-min,et al.The Severe Drought Occurred in Southwest China in 2010: An Examination from Perspective of Ecology[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(04):282-287,292.
2010年中国西南特大干旱灾害:从生态学视角的审视
- Title:
- The Severe Drought Occurred in Southwest China in 2010: An Examination from Perspective of Ecology
- Keywords:
- Southwest China; severe drought; causes; impacts; enlightenments
- 分类号:
- S423
- 摘要:
- 从生态学视角审视2010年发生在中国西南五省（区、市）历史罕见的跨季度、持续性特大干旱灾害。主要探讨了3个重要科学问题：（1）旱灾的成因。综合不同社会群体如公众、政府、学者、媒体等关于此次旱灾形成的认识，分析了此次旱灾的成因，阐明了笔者对此次旱灾成因的见解。指出西南特大旱灾不是单纯的自然灾害，而是自然因素与社会因素综合作用的结果。（2）旱灾的影响。主要包括：①旱灾对自然环境的直接破坏和潜在威胁；②旱灾对农业生产所造成的严重影响和巨大损失；③旱灾对社会经济的广泛冲击。（3）旱灾的启示。主要包括：①短视行为的惨痛代价及生态理念的强化与普及；②灾害科学研究的相对滞后及其跟进与深化；③灾害防范长远规划的缺失及其制定与落实。强调在相关研究领域应重点探索几个重要科学问题，分别是：水资源大省总缺水的根本性原因，区域水资源的科学配置与高效利用，重大工程建设对生态环境的影响，区域典型人工植被的生态需水，灾区生态退化机理与植被恢复技术。以期对西南特大干旱灾害的后续研究提供新的思路。
- Abstract:
- The extraseasonal, persistent, severe drought occurred unusually in five provinces (autonomous region, municipality) in Southwest China in 2010 was examined from prospective of ecology. Three important scientific issues were analyzed and discussed. (1) Causes of the drought. Causes of the severe drought were analyzed through comprehension of cognitions from public, government, scholar and media on the drought, and authors’ viewpoint on causes of the drought was illustrated. It pointed that the severe drought was not pure natural disaster but the result of comprehensive effects of natural factors and social elements. (2) Impacts of the drought. It included: ① Direct damage and potential threat of the severe drought on natural environment; ② Serious influence and great loss of the severe drought on agricultural production; ③ Widespread impacts of the severe drought on social economy. (3) Enlightenments of the drought. It included: ① Painful cost of short sights in economic development and strengthening and popularizing of ecological concepts; ② Lag of disaster research and catching up and deepening scientific research of this subject; ③ Deficiency of long-term programming for disaster prevention and its draft and implementation. It was emphasized that in relative research fields some important scientific issues should be investigated. They are essential causes of water shortage in province with rich water resources, scientific allocation and efficient utilization of regional water resources, impacts of great engineering construction on ecological environment, ecological water requirement of regional typical artificial vegetation, and ecological degradation mechanism and vegetation restoration technology in disaster area, respectively. It is expected to provide new thought for subsequent researches of the severe drought in Southwest China.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2013-02-01;改回日期:2013-03-23。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31270751，31160155）；云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目（2007C022M）
作者简介:黄新会(1979-),女,河南内乡人,硕士,讲师,主要从事水文、水生态及水土保持研究。E-mail:ylhxh2001@163.com
通讯作者:于福科(1976-),男,甘肃灵台人,博士,主要从事干旱生态、入侵生态及化学生态研究。E-mail:gsyfk2006@ynu.edu.cn.