[1]张燕青,刘文兆.不同施肥处理下麦田水分利用过程及其效率特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):133-138.
　ZHANG Yan-qing,LIU Wen-zhao.Characteristics of Water Utilization Process and Efficiency under Different Fertilization Treatments in a Wheat Field[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):133-138.
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不同施肥处理下麦田水分利用过程及其效率特征

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 19 期数: 2012年05期 页码: 133-138 栏目: 出版日期: 2012-10-20
Title:
Characteristics of Water Utilization Process and Efficiency under Different Fertilization Treatments in a Wheat Field
作者:
张燕青1, 刘文兆2
1. 西北农林科技大学, 林学院, 陕西, 杨凌712100;
2. 中国科学院, 水利部, 水土保持研究所, 陕西, 杨凌712100
Author(s):
ZHANG Yan-qing1, LIU Wen-zhao2
1. College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
关键词:
黄土塬区; 长期定位施肥; 降水利用效率; 水分利用效率; 产量; 冬小麦
Keywords:
Loess Tableland; long-term fertilization experiment; precipitation use efficiency; water use efficiency; yield; winter wheat
分类号:
S512.1
摘要:
通过田间试验(2010-2011年)，就不同施肥处理下麦田水分利用过程及其效率特征进行研究。结果表明：施磷量为90 kg/hm2条件下，配施氮量在0～135 kg/hm2时，农田耗水率(农田耗水量占总的供水量的比率，ET/SW)和蒸腾比率(蒸腾量占农田耗水量的比率，T/ET)随配施氮量的增加逐渐提高，考虑蒸腾消耗的作物水分利用率(籽粒产量与蒸腾量的比值，Y/T)和降水利用效率(Y/P)在施氮量为180 kg/hm2时达到最大。施氮量为90 kg/hm2条件下，配施磷量在90～180 kg/hm2时，各处理的农田水分消耗率、蒸腾比率几乎相同，但明显高于单施氮肥处理，只考虑蒸腾消耗的作物水分利用率随施磷量的增加逐渐提高，降水利用效率在施磷量为90 kg/hm2时达到最大值。与不施肥处理相比，施磷量为90 kg/hm2与施氮量为180 kg/hm2处理的麦田，冬小麦从拔节期至成熟期的农田耗水量增加23.5%，蒸腾量增加186.8%；农田水分消耗率提高10.5%，作物蒸腾比率提高200%，作物水分利用效率(Y/ET)达到11.13 kg/(hm2·mm)，降水利用效率达到18.73 kg/(hm2·mm)。
Abstract:
Characteristics of water utilization process and efficiency under different fertilization treatments were studied through a field experiment conducted from 2010 to 2011. Results showed that under the condition of 90 kg/hm2 P application, the ratio of cropland water consumption to total supplied water(ET/SW) and the ratio of total transpiration to cropland water consumption(T/ET) gradually increased with the increased rate of N application if the rate of N application was between 0 and 135 kg/hm2, but crop water use efficiency with transpiration considered only(the ratio of grain yield to total transpiration, Y/T) and precipitation use efficiency(PUE) reached the highest value when the rate of N application was 180 kg/hm2. Under the rate of 90 kg/hm2 N application, the ET/SW was almost the same as the T/ET if the rate of P application was between 90 and 180 kg/hm2, but significantly higher than single N application treatment. The Y/T was gradually increased with the increased P application under the same N application. However, PUE reached the highest value when P application was 90 kg/hm2. In contrast to no fertilizer application, the combined application of 90 kg/hm2 P and 180 kg/hm2 N in the winter field, from jointing stage to maturity of winter wheat, increased the amount of cropland water consumption by 23.5%, the amount of transpiration by 186.8%, the ET/SW by 10.5%, the T/ET by 200%, the water use efficiency(Y/ET) up to 11.13 kg/(hm2·mm), and PUE up to 18.73 kg/(hm2·mm).

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2011-8-29;改回日期:2012-5-28。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41171033)
作者简介:燕青(1986- )，男，在读硕士研究生，主要从事农业生态学方面研究。E-mail：zhangyanqing1986@126.com
通讯作者:刘文兆(1960- )，男，研究员，主要从事作物-水分关系及节水农业研究。E-mail：wzliu@ms.iswc.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01