Wang Wan,Zhang Shaoliang,Liu Xu,et al.Preliminary Study on the Effect of Water Erosion on the Transport and Distribution of Microplastics in the Mollisols[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(02):1-10.
水蚀对黑土微塑料运移和分布影响的初步研究
- Title:
- Preliminary Study on the Effect of Water Erosion on the Transport and Distribution of Microplastics in the Mollisols
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)02-0001-10
- 分类号:
- S181; X171
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]阐明土壤中微塑料(MPs)的运移和分布特征,为土壤MPs污染防控和生态安全评价提供重要依据。[方法]采用人工模拟降雨装置和固定坡度土槽(5°)的方法,研究农田中常见的低密度聚乙烯MP(LDPE-MP)和低密度聚丙烯MP(LDPP-MP)在高容重(1.2 g/cm3)和低容重(1.0 g/cm3)土槽中随地表径流、泥沙和地下径流流失过程,及降雨后土槽内MPs空间分布特征。[结果]不同降雨时段中,径流量随时间增加而增加,降雨后期土壤侵蚀量小于初期,MPs流失浓度随时间的增加逐渐降低。土壤容重越大,地表径流造成的MPs流失量越小; 土壤容重越小,MPs向坡下的迁移量越大。靠近坡下处入渗溶液中MPs流失量和浓度大于坡中位置,且靠近坡下处的MPs垂直迁移程度较大。土壤容重越大流失泥沙中MPs浓度越高,高容重处理在坡中、坡下处的MPs平均流失浓度分别是低容重处理的3.41,1.96倍。同一降雨时段中,高容重处理的降雨入渗量、土壤流失量均与MPs流失浓度呈负相关关系,低容重处理的降雨入渗量与MPs流失浓度呈正相关关系。侵蚀结束后,低容重处理坡上MPs浓度随着土层深度的增加而增加。与初始MPs相比,低容重处理坡中中间土层MPs浓度显著降低,坡下各土层MPs浓度均显著降低,高容重处理坡下中间土层和底层土壤MPs浓度显著降低。[结论]降雨侵蚀过程中MPs主要随地表泥沙迁移,地表径流和入渗同时改变了土壤中MPs的水平和垂直分布。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] The aims of this study are to clarify the transport and distribution characteristics of microplastics(MPs)in soil, and provide the important basis for soil MPs pollution prevention and control, ecological safety assessment. [Methods] In this experiment, low density polyethylene MP(LDPE-MP)and low density polypropylene MP(LDPP-MP)commonly used in farmland were studied by means of artificial simulated rainfall device and fixed slope soil tank(5°)in high bulk density(1.2 g/cm3)and low bulk density(1.0 g/cm3). The loss process of MPs accompanied by surface runoff, sediment, and underground runoff, and the spatial distribution characteristics of MPs in soil trough after rainfall were explored. [Results] In different rainfall periods, the runoff increased with the increase of time, the soil erosion in the late rainfall period was less than that in the early rainfall period, and the loss concentration of MPs gradually decreased with the increase of time. The higher the soil bulk density, the smaller the MPs loss caused by surface runoff. The lower the soil bulk density, the more MPs migrated to the downslope position. The MPs loss and concentration in the leaching solution near the bottom of the slope were greater than those in the middle of the slope, and the vertical migration of MPs near the bottom of the slope was larger. The higher the soil bulk density, the higher the MPs concentration in the sediment loss. The average loss concentrations of MPs in the middle slope and lower slope of the high bulk density treatment were 3.41 and 1.96 times of those in the low bulk density treatment. In the same rainfall period, both rainfall infiltration and soil loss of high bulk density treatment were negatively correlated with MPs loss concentration, while rainfall infiltration of low bulk density treatment was positively correlated with MPs loss concentration. After water erosion, MPs concentration in the top slope of low bulk density treatment increased with the increase of soil depth. Compared with the initial MPs concentration, MPs concentration in the middle soil layer of the middle slope significantly decreased, which was in the low bulk density treatment, and MPs concentration in all soil layers of the bottom slope significantly decreased. In the treatment of high bulk density, MPs concentration in the middle and bottom soil layers of the bottom slope significantly decreased. [Conclusion] MPs in rainfall erosion process mainly migrate with surface sediment, and surface runoff and infiltration change the horizontal and vertical distribution of MPs in soil at the same time.
参考文献/References:
[1] 朱永官,朱冬,许通,等.(微)塑料污染对土壤生态系统的影响:进展与思考[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(1):1-6.
Zhu Y G, Zhu D, Xu T, et al. Impacts of(micro)plastics on soil ecosystem: Progress and perspective[J]. TrACJournal of Agro-Environment Science, 2019,38(1):1-6.
[2] Zhang S L, Wang J Q, Liu X, et al. Microplastics in the environment: A review of analytical methods, distribution, and biological effects[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2019,111,62-72.
[3] 张凯,孙红文.(可降解)微塑料颗粒吸附有机污染物及对其生物有效性的影响[J].环境化学,2018,37(3):375-382.
Zhang K, Sun H W. Adsorption of organic pollutants on(degradable)microplastics and the influences on their bioavailability[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2018,37(3):375-382.
[4] 杨杰,李连祯,周倩,等.土壤环境中微塑料污染:来源、过程及风险[J].土壤学报,2021,58(2):281-298.
Yang J, Li L Z, Zhou Q, et al. Microplastics contamination of soil environment: Sources, processes and risks[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(2):281-298.
[5] 李宵慧,徐红霞,孙媛媛,等.多孔介质中微塑料的环境行为研究进展[J].中国环境科学,2021,41(6):2798-2811.
Li X H, Xu H X, Sun Y Y, et al. Review on the environmental behaviors of microplastics in porous media[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(6):2798-2811.
[6] Rillig M C, Ziersch L, Hempel S. Microplastic transport in soil by earthworms[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017,7:1362.
[7] Zhang S L, Wang J Q, Yan P K, et al. Non-biodegradable microplastics in soils: A brief review and challenge[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021,409,124525.
[8] Liu J, Zhang T, Tian L L, et al. Aging significantly affects mobility and contaminant-mobilizing ability of nanoplastics in saturated loamy sand[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019,53:5805-5815.
[9] Rillig M C, Ingraffia R, Machado A A D. Microplastic incorporation into soil in agroecosystems[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017,8:1805.
[10] Dong Z Q, Zhang W, Qiu Y P, et al. Cotransport of nanoplastics(NPs)with fullerene(C60)in saturated sand: Effect of NPs/C60 ratio and seawater salinity[J]. Water Resources, 2019,148:469-478.
[11] Wu X, Lyu X, Li Z, et al. Transport of polystyrene nanoplastics in natural soils: Effect of soil properties, ionic strength and cation type[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,707,136065.
[12] O'Connor D, Pan S, Shen Z, et al. Microplastics undergo accelerated vertical migration in sand soil due to small size and wet-dry cycles[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019,249:527-534.
[13] Zhang S L, Liu X, Hao X H, et al. Distribution of low-density microplastics in the mollisol farmlands of northeast China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,708,135091.
[14] Lwanga E H, Gertsen H, Gooren H, et al. Incorporation of microplastics from litter into burrows of Lumbricus terrestris[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017,220:523-531.
[15] Rillig M C, Bonkowski M. Microplastic and soil protists: A call for research[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018,241:1128-1131.
[16] 郝永丽,胡亚鲜,白晓雄,等.黄土高原土地利用方式对微塑料丰度和形态分布的影响[J].环境科学,2022,43(9):4748-4755.
Hao Y L, Hu Y X, Bai X X, et al. Abundances and morphology patterns of microplastics under different land use types on the Loess Plateau[J]. Environmental Science,2022,43(9):4748-4755.
[17] 刘旭.典型黑土区耕地土壤微塑料空间分布特征[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2019.
Liu X. Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in Mollisol Farmland of Northeast China[D]. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2019.
[18] 崔砚琦.北京城市不同功能区径流雨水微塑料赋存特征研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2022.
Cui Y Q. Research on the Occurrence Characteristics of Microplastics in Runoff Rainwater in Different Functional Areas of Beijing[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2022.
[19] 王磊.多种外营力作用的黑土坡面复合土壤侵蚀过程与机理研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2020.
Wang L. Hillslope Compound Soil Erosion Processes and Mechanisms Under the Interaction of Multiple External Erosive Forces in Chinese Mollisol Region[D]. Yanling, Shaanxi: Northwest A&F University, 2020.
[20] 水利部,中国科学院,中国工程院.中国水土流失防治与生态安全:东北黑土区卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
Ministry of Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering. Soil Erosion Control and Ecological Security in China: Mollisol Region in Northeast China[M]. Beijing: Science Press,2010.
[21] 李建明,王一峰,张长伟,等.三种土壤质地工程堆积体坡面流速及产沙特征[J].长江科学院院报,2019,36(12):28-35.
Li J M, Wang Y F, Zhang C W. Characteristic of flow velocity and sediment yielding on engineering accumulations slope with three soil textures[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2019,36(12):28-35.
[22] 董姝楠,夏继红,王为木,等.土壤-地下水中微塑料迁移的影响因素及机制研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(14):1-8.
Dong S N, Xia J H, Wang W M, et al. Review on impact factors and mechanisms of microplastic transport in soil and groundwater[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020,36(14): 1-8.
[23] 张晓婷.微塑料在表层土壤中的迁移及其影响因素研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2022.
Zhang X T. Study on Migration of Microplastics in Topsoil and Related Factors[D].Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2022.
[24] 周伟杰,徐卫亚,王如宾,等.暴雨及久雨作用下东岭信滑坡堆积体的渗流特性及稳定性分析[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2020,42(2):28-33.
Zhou W J, Xu W Y, Wang R B, et al. Seepage characteristics and stability analysis of Donglingxin landslide under heavy rain and long rain[J]. Journal of China Three Gorges University: Natural Sciences, 2020,42(2):28-33.
[25] 孙国庆.地震和降雨影响下松散堆积体边坡的稳定性研究:以昭巧二级公路边坡为例[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
Sun G Q. Research on Stability of Loose Deposit Slope Influenced by Earthquake and Rainfall: Illustrated by the Example of a Secondary Road Named Zhaoqiao[D].Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2015.
[26] 王慧.淮河流域王蚌区间农业源微塑料迁移特征及影响因素研究[D].安徽淮南:安徽理工大学,2022.
Wang H. Study on Migration Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Agricultural Sources in Wangbeng Region of Huaihe River Basin[D]. Huainan, Anhui: Anhui University of Science & Technology, 2022.
[27] Tong M P, Johnson W P. Excess colloid retention in porous media as a function of colloid size, fluid velocity, and grain angularity[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006,40(24):7725-7731.
[28] Quevedo I R, Tufenkji N. Mobility of functionalized quantum dots and a model polystyrene nanoparticle in saturated quartz sand and loamy sand[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012,46(8):4449-4457.
[29] Jia H Y, Lei A, Lei J S, et al. Effects of hydrological processes on nitrogen loss in purple soil[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2007,89(1/2):89-97.
[30] 孙梅,黄运湘,孙楠,等.农田土壤孔隙及其影响因素研究进展[J].土壤通报,2015,46(1):233-238.
Sun M, Huang Y X, Sun N, et al. Advance in soil pore and its influencing factors [J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2015,46(1):233-238.
[31] Alimi O S, Budarz J F, Hernandez L M, et al. Microplastics and nanoplastics aquatic environments: Aggregation, deposition, and enhanced contaminant transport[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018,52(4):1704-1724.
[32] 张相,丁鸣鸣,李卓远,等.水蚀作用下红壤丘陵区土壤特性的空间分异特征[J/OL].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2022:1-9[2023-01-18].
Zhang X, Ding M M, Li Z Y, et al. Spatial differentiation of soil properties in hilly red soil region under water erosion[J/OL]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University: Natural Sciences Edition,2022:1-9[2023-01-18].
[33] 吴香香,艾萍,李大鹏.不同水力扰动强度对老化PSMPs在泥水两相间迁移的影响[J].环境科学,2022,43(6):3168-3176.
Wu X X, Ai P, Li D P. Influence of different hydraulic disturbance intensities on the migration of aged PSMPs between sediment and water[J]. Environmental Science, 2022,43(6):3168-3176.
相似文献/References:
[1]张玉斌,郑粉莉,贾媛媛.WEPP模型概述[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(04):146.
ZHANG Yu-bin,ZHENG Fen-li,JIA Yuan-yuan.WEPP Model and Its Application[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(02):146.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-02-14 修回日期:2023-03-29
资助项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目“侵蚀黑土耕层微塑料分布和运移机制”(42177321)
第一作者:王琬(1998—),女,黑龙江绥化人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤微塑料转化运移机制。E-mail:wangwan980101@163.com
通信作者:张少良(1980—),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,教授,主要从事黑土农田物质转化和迁移过程与调控研究。E-mail:shaoliang.zhang@neau.edu.cn