CHENG Jie,ZHANG Rui,YANG Peizhi,et al.Restoration of Typical Degraded Grassland in Loess Region During 40 Years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(01):34-40.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.01.026]
黄土区典型退化草地40年封禁恢复过程研究
- Title:
- Restoration of Typical Degraded Grassland in Loess Region During 40 Years
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2023)01-0034-07
- Keywords:
- grassland degradation; grazing exclusion; Loess Plateau; succession
- 分类号:
- S812
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 天然草地退化引起草地植被和表层土壤遭到严重破坏,将使草地植被天然恢复过程受到强烈抑制。为此,试验采用长期(40年)封禁恢复技术,探究了封禁后黄土区退化草地植被变化特征,揭示了退化天然草地封禁恢复后的生态环境效应。结果表明:随着封禁恢复时间的变化,退化草地恢复演替已经历了5个时间段; 草地生物量的变化过程已呈现出由先增加到后降低的趋势,尤其是在封禁恢复的第20年生物量达到最高值为520.5 g/m2; 直到封禁恢复的第25年出现以本氏针茅为建群种的草原群落,第25年之后优势种大针茅种群密度急剧增加,在封禁的第30～34年以大针茅为群落的优势种生长繁殖较快,从群落恢复进程看大针茅有替代本氏针茅的趋势,但大针茅为有性繁殖,受草地凋落物的影响在群落中持续时间较短; 从自然修复的35年后,通过种间竞争—扩散—定居—稳定生长的几个作用机制,又形成了以本氏针茅为建群种的“亚顶级”群落。此外,封禁后的草地物种丰富度和多样性逐渐提高。综上,封禁有利于黄土区草地生态系统恢复,且随着封禁时间的推演,草地生态系统逐渐趋于良性循环。
- Abstract:
- Grassland degradation has severely damaged soil and vegetation, and the succession process of grassland has been strongly inhibited. To this end, a long-term(40-year)ban and restoration technology was used in the experiment to explore the characteristics of vegetation changes in the degraded grassland in the loess area after the ban, and to reveal the ecological and environmental effects of the degraded natural grassland after the ban and restoration. The results show that as the closure time changes, the degraded grasslands resume succession. After five stages, the biomass of grassland showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, the highest value was 520.5 g/m2 when the ban was restored for 20 years. In the 25th year of the ban, the grassland community with Stipa capillata as the constructive species showed obvious decline and degradation, while the population density of Stipa grandis increased sharply. In the 30～32 years of the ban, the dominant species with Stipa grandis as the community grew more andwasstable. From the perspective of the succession process of the community, Stipa grandis hada tendency to replace Stipa grandis, but the duration wasrelatively short. With the continuation of the closure period, 33 years after the restoration of the degraded grassland from the natural closure, through several successive stages of invasion-competition-diffusion-settlement, a relatively stable ‘sub-type' with the Stipa capillata population as the constructive species hadformed. In addition, the abundance and diversity of grassland species after the ban hadgradually increased. In summary, the closure is conducive to the restoration of the grassland plant ecosystem in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and as the closure time evolves, the grassland ecosystem gradually stabilizes.
参考文献/References:
[1] 程积民,井赵斌,金晶炜,等.黄土高原半干旱区退化草地恢复与利用过程研究[J].中国科学:生命科学,2014,44(3):267-279.
[2] 张志南,武高林,王冬,等.黄土高原半干旱区天然草地群落结构与土壤水分关系[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):313-319.
[3] 柳海鹰,李政海,刘玉虹,等.羊草草原在放牧退化与围封恢复过程中群落性状差异的变化规律[J].内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,2000,31(3):314-318.
[4] Wang Jie, Wang Xiangtao, Liu Guobin, et al. Fencing as an effective approach for restoration of alpine meadows: Evidence from nutrient limitation of soil microbes[J]. Geoderma,2020,363:114148.
[5] 李永宏,汪诗平.放牧对草原植物的影响[J].中国草地,1999(3):11-19.
[6] 张继义,赵哈林.科尔沁沙地草地植被恢复演替进程中群落优势种群空间分布格局研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(2):1-6.
[7] Noy-Meir I. Compensating growth of grazed plants and its relevance to the use of rangelands[J]. Ecological Applications, 1993,3(1):32-34.
[8] 闫玉春,唐海萍,辛晓平,等.围封对草地的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):5039-5046.
[9] Cowles H C. The ecological relations of the vegetation on the sand dunes of Lake Michigan(concluded)[J]. Botanical Gazette, 1899,27(5):361-391.
[10] Olson J S. Rates of succession and soil changes on southern Lake Michigan sand dunes[J]. Botanical Gazette, 1958,119(3):125-170.
[11] 朱志梅,杨持.沙漠化过程中植物的变化和适应机理研究概述[J].内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,2003,34(1):103-114.
[12] 张龙生.毛乌素沙地东南部人工植被演替研究[J].中国沙漠,1994,14(1):79-82.
[13] 陈生永.沙地植被演替研究成果综述[J].山西水土保持科技,2001(4):23-26.
[14] 辛晓平,徐斌,单保庆,等.恢复演替中草地斑块动态及尺度转换分析[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):587-593.
[15] 徐彩琳,李自珍.干旱荒漠区人工植物群落演替模式及其生态学机制研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1451-1456.
[16] 陈云云,谢应忠.退化草地恢复过程中植被与环境动态特征研究[J].农业科学研究,2004(1):21-24.
[17] 王占军,蒋齐,潘占兵,等.宁夏毛乌素沙地退化草原恢复演替过程中物种多样性与生产力的变化[J].草业科学,2005,22(4):5-8.
[18] 闫玉春,唐海萍.围栏禁牧对内蒙古典型草原群落特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(6):1225-1232.
[19] 李永强,许志信.典型草原区撂荒地植物群落演替过程中物种多样性变化[J].内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,2002,23(4):26-31.
[20] 许志信,李永强,额尔德尼,李华.草原弃耕地植物群落特征和植被演替情况的调查研究[J].内蒙古草业,2002(03):10-13.
[21] 张金屯.植被数量生态学方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995.
[22] 张大勇.理论生态学研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[23] 赵凌平,谭世图,白欣,等.封育和放牧对黄土高原典型草原繁殖更新的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(9):27-34.
[24] 蔡飞,宋永昌.武夷山木荷种群结构和动态的研究[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(2):138-148.
相似文献/References:
[1]邹厚远,鲁子瑜,关秀琦,等.黄土高原草地生产持续发展研究──Ⅱ．补播沙打旺对退化草地演替的影响[J].水土保持研究,1994,1(03):61.
Zou Houyuan,Lu Ziyu,Guan Xiuqi,et al.Study on the Sustainable Development of the Grassland Production in Loess Plateau──Ⅱ. Influence of the Declined Grassland Evolution by Reseeding Astragalus adsurgens[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1994,1(01):61.
[2]陈正新,尉恩凤,史世斌,等.内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错带退化草地复壮对策[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(01):41.
CHEN Zheng-xin,YU En-feng,SHI Shi-bin,et al.Strategies for Rejuvenation of Degenerated Natural Grassland Within Northern Agro-grazing Ecotone of Yinshan Mountains, Inner Mongolia[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(01):41.
[3]赵艳云,胡相明.黄土高原退化草地恢复演替研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(06):270.
ZHAO Yan-yun,HU Xiang-ming.Review on Mechanism of Succession of Degenerating Meadow Community During Resuming Process in Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(01):270.
[4]王平,孙涛.高山退化草地不同恢复措施对土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(04):31.
WANG Ping,SUN Tao.Effect of Rehabilitation Measures on the Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics in the Alpine Rangeland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(01):31.
[5]李国荣,李希来,陈文婷,等.降雨侵蚀对退化草地土壤养分含量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(02):40.
LI Guorong,LI Xilai,CHEN Wenting,et al.Influences of Rain Erosion on Soil Nutrient Contents of the Deteriorated Grassland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(01):40.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2021-09-08 修回日期:2021-10-09
资助项目:国家林业和草原局西北院科技创新项目“黄河流域半干旱区典型草原生态系统退化草地自然恢复过程及适度利用研究”(XBY-KJCX-2020-8)
第一作者:程杰(1980—),男,陕西省蒲城县人,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为草原监测评价、草原保护修复。E-mail:chengjiesyn@163.com