DANG Xingdong,CHENG Liping,LIU Wenzhao.Soil Water Resources and Their Spatial Differentiation in a Small Watershed on the Loess Tableland-Gully Region at the End of Rainy Season[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(06):52-57.
黄土高塬沟壑区小流域雨季末期土壤水资源状况及其空间分异
- Title:
- Soil Water Resources and Their Spatial Differentiation in a Small Watershed on the Loess Tableland-Gully Region at the End of Rainy Season
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2021)06-0052-06
- 分类号:
- S152.7
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为了阐明雨季末期黄土高塬沟壑区小流域土壤水分状况，以王东沟小流域为例，用烘干法测定了不同地形和利用方式组合下6 m深度的土壤含水量，测定时间为2019年11月上旬。结果表明:(1)塬面不同树龄苹果园0—2.6 m土壤湿度较高且无显著差异，其平均值为21.6%，2.6—6 m土壤平均湿度随树龄增加而减小，到26 a时降至15.3%。塬面26 a苹果园与农田0—6 m平均湿度分别为17.8%，19.9%。下坡位、梁顶和上坡位的26 a苹果园0—0.8 m土壤湿度都较高，而0.8 m以下随深度呈现出递减趋势，0—6 m平均土壤湿度分别为:16.7%，15.1%，14.0%。各地形刺槐林地0—1.5 m的土壤湿度随着深度的增加逐渐减小，塬面刺槐林地1.5 m以下保持在15%左右，而下坡位、梁顶和上坡位均低于13%。(2)塬面和下坡位0—6 m土壤平均湿度表现出农田>26 a苹果园>刺槐林地的特征，梁顶和上坡位表现出荒草地>农田>26 a苹果园>刺槐林地的特征。研究结果对于深入认识黄土高原小流域土壤水资源的分异特征，推进农业生产和植被建设具有重要意义。
- Abstract:
- In order to clarify the soil water status in various combinations of landform and land use in the Loess Plateau at the end of rainy season，this study selected Wangdonggou watershed where located in the loess tableland-gully region，and then measured 0—6 m soil water content(SWC)by oven drying method in early November，2019. The results showed that:(1)the SWC of 0—2.6 m soil depth was relatively high，averaged 21.6%，and there was no significant difference in orchards with different apple tree ages on the tableland; the average SWC of 2.6—6 m soil depth decreased with the increase of apple tree age，and dropped to 15.3% at orchard age of 26; the average SWC of 0—6 m depth were 17.8% and 19.9% in the apple orchard with the age of 26 and farmland on the tableland，respectively. The average SWCs of 0—6 m depth in the apple orchards with the age of 26 were 16.7%，15.1%，14.0% at the downslope，ridge-top and upslope，respectively，and showed a decreasing trend with depth below 0.8 m; In the forests of Robinia pseudoacacia，the SWC gradually decreased with the increase of depth above 1.5 m，and the SWC below 1.5 m depth was about 15% at the tableland，less than 13% at all of the downslope，ridge top and upslope;(2)the SWCs of 0—6 m depth at the tableland and downslope decreased in the order: farmland>apple orchard with the age of 26>Robinia pseudoacacia forest，and the ones at the ridge top and upslope decreased in the order: grassland>farmland>apple orchard with the age of 26>Robinia pseudoacacia forest. These results are of great significance for understanding the differentiation characteristics of soil water resources in small watersheds of the Loess Plateau and promoting agricultural production and vegetation construction.
参考文献/References:
[1] 李玉山.黄土区土壤水分循环特征及其对陆地水分循环的影响[J].生态学报，1983，3(2):91-101.[2] 何福红，黄明斌，党廷辉.黄土高原沟壑区小流域土壤水分空间分布特征[J].水土保持通报，2002，22(4):6-9.[3] 张瑞，李鹏展，王力.黄土旱塬区土壤水分状况与作物生长、降水的关系[J].应用生态学报，2019，30(2):359-369.[4] 孟春红，夏军.“土壤水库”储水量的研究[J].节水灌溉，2004(4):8-10.[5] 单长卷，梁宗锁，郝文芳，等.黄土高原不同立地条件下刺槐生长与水分关系研究[J].西北林学院学报，2004，19(2):9-14.[6] Wang X C，Qadir M，Rasul F，et al. Response of soil water and wheat yield to rainfall and temperature change on the Loess Plateau，China[J]. Agronomy，2018，8(7).DOI:10.3390/agronomy8070101.[7] 李玉山，郭明航，董大学，等.渭北旱塬旱作水分产量潜势与水—肥—产量关系[C]//李玉山，苏陕民.长武王东沟高效生态经济系统综合研究.北京:科学技术文献出版社，1991.[8] 梁增基.渭北高原小麦水分生产潜力的分析[J].干旱地区农业研究，1990，8(2):12-17.[9] 李玉山，张孝中，郭民航.长武塬区旱作水分产量潜势的田间研究[J].陕西农业科学，1988，34(2):15-17.[10] 万素梅，贾志宽，韩清芳，等.黄土高原半湿润区苜蓿草地土壤干层形成及水分恢复[J].生态学报，2008，28(3):1045-1051.[11] 张春霞，郝明德，魏孝荣，等.黄土高原沟壑区苜蓿地土壤水分剖面特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2004，10(6):604-607.[12] 王力，邵明安，张青峰.陕北黄土高原土壤干层的分布和分异特征[J].应用生态学报，2004，15(3):436-442.[13] Huang M B，He F H，Yang X M，et al. Effect of apple production base on regional water cycle in Weibei upland of the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences，2001，11(2):239-243.[14] 刘丙霞，任健，邵明安，等.黄土高原北部人工灌草植被土壤干燥化过程研究[J].生态学报，2020，40(11):1-9.[15] 杨文治，邵明安.黄土高原土壤水分研究[M].北京:科学出版社，2000.[16] 李玉山，史竹叶，张孝中，等.长武王东沟小流域土壤墒情影响因素与分布特征[J].水土保持通报，1990，10(6):1-6.[17] 王锐，刘文兆，李志.黄土塬区10 m深剖面土壤物理性质研究[J].土壤学报，2008，45(3):550-554.[18] 张志强，陈鹏飞，申维.长武县土地利用/覆被演变规律及其影响下生态服务价值变化研究[J].水土保持研究，2017，24(4):219-226，233.[19] 俱战省，郑粉莉，刘文兆.黄土高原南部小流域土壤水分时程变化的分层特征及其驱动机制[J].干旱地区农业研究，2013，31(5):28-33.[20] 张北赢，徐学选，刘文兆，等.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同降水年型下土壤水分动态[J].应用生态学报，2008，19(6):1234-1240.[21] 张瑞，曹华，王云强，等.黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域土壤水分空间变异性及其影响因素[J].水土保持研究，2012，19(5):52-58.[22] 马建业，李占斌，马波，等.黄土区小流域植被类型对沟坡地土壤水分循环的影响[J].生态学报，2020，40(8):1-9.[23] 李鹏展，王力，王棣.黄土旱塬区冬小麦土壤水库动态[J].应用生态学报，2017，28(11):3653-3662.[24] 程立平，刘文兆，李志.黄土塬区不同土地利用方式下深层土壤水分变化特征[J].生态学报，2014，34(8):1975-1983.[25] 曹裕，李军，张社红，等.黄土高原苹果园深层土壤干燥化特征[J].农业工程学报，2012，28(15):72-79.[26] 李军，陈兵，李小芳，等.黄土高原不同植被类型区人工林地深层土壤干燥化效应[J].生态学报，2008，28(4):1429-1445.[27] Liu W Z，Zhang X C，Dang T H，et al. Soil water dynamics and deep soil recharge in a record wet year in the southern Loess Plateau of China[J]. Agricultural Water Management，2010，97(8):1133-1138.
相似文献/References:
[1]盛东,李桂元,徐义军.湖南省小流域生态安全综合评价指标体系研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(02):58.
SHENG Dong,LI Gui-yuan,XU Yi-jun.Evaluation Index System of Ecological Security in the Watershed of Hu’nan Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(06):58.
[2]辜世贤.藏东典型小流域水土流失治理模式研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):86.
GU Shi-xian.Study on the Soil and Water Loss Control Model of the Typical Watershed in the Eastern Tibet[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):86.
[3]孙莉英,蔡强国,陈生永,等.东北典型黑土区小流域水土流失综合防治体系[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):36.
SUN Li-ying,CAI Qiang-guo,CHEN Sheng-yong,et al.Integrated Governing System on Soil and Water Loss of Small Watersheds in a Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):36.
[4]段菊卿.小流域淤地坝建设的水土保持效益浅析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):144.
DUAN Ju-qing.Analysis on Benefits of Soil and Water Conservation from Check Dam in Small Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):144.
[5]孙保平,赵廷宁,齐实.USLE在西吉县黄土丘陵沟壑区的应用[J].水土保持研究,1990,(02):50.
Sun Baoping,Zhao Tingning,Qi Shi.Application of USLE in Loessial Gully Hill Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1990,(06):50.
[6]赵安成.陇东黄土高原沟壑区典型小流域治理模式剖析[J].水土保持研究,1994,1(01):45.
Zhao Ancheng.Analysis of Control Models of Typical Small Watershedin Gully Area of Loess Plateau, the East Part of Gansu Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1994,1(06):45.
[7]陈法扬,朱代洪.王禾丘小流域土地资源评价[J].水土保持研究,1995,2(01):65.
Chen Fayang,Zhu Daihong.The Evaluation of Land Resources on Wang Heqiu Small Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,2(06):65.
[8]吴长文,陈法扬.水土流失引起的生态经济失调及其系统调控[J].水土保持研究,1995,2(01):80.
Wu Changwen,Chen Fayang.The Fragility of Eco-economic System Induced by Soil and Water Loss and the Regulation of Its System[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,2(06):80.
[9]刘志,江忠善.黄土高原小流域土壤侵蚀信息系统建立与应用的研究 1．土壤侵蚀信息系统设计[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(02):169.
Liu Zhi,Jiang Zhongshan.Study on Establishment and Application of Soil Erosion Information Management System for Small Watershed of the Loess Plateau 1. Design Of Soil Erosion Information System[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(06):169.
[10]王继增,李定强,朱世清.杨子坑流域水土流失综合治理开发模式初探[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(04):77.
Wang Jizeng,Li Dingqiang,Zhu Shiqing.Preliminary Study on Comprehensive Control of Soil Erosion in the Yangzikeng Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(06):77.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2020-11-03 修回日期:2021-01-24资助项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0501602); 国家自然科学基金(41771036)第一作者:党兴东(1994—)，男，甘肃会宁人，硕士，研究方向为农业水土资源保持与利用。E-mail:dang01233@foxmail.com通信作者:刘文兆(1960—)，男，陕西乾县人，博士生导师，研究员，主要从事流域水文生态与水土保持研究。E-mail:wzliu@ms.iswc.ac.cn