DUAN He,LIU Muxing,YI Jun,et al.Propagation and Closure Law of Cracks in the Paddy Soil During Drying-Wetting Cycle[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,27(02):370-376.
干湿交替条件下稻田土壤裂隙开闭规律
- Title:
- Propagation and Closure Law of Cracks in the Paddy Soil During Drying-Wetting Cycle
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2020)02-0370-07
- Keywords:
- soil crack; drying-wetting cycle; soil moisture; paddy field; Jianghan Plain
- 分类号:
- S152.4; S152.7
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为研究江汉平原稻田土壤在干湿交替过程下的裂隙发育规律,利用室内试验和数字图像处理方法对典型稻田耕作层和犁底层土壤裂隙特征进行了定量研究。结果表明:在干燥过程中,土壤裂隙形成初期裂隙长而窄,随着土壤含水量的降低,裂隙面积率和当量宽度逐渐增大; 在增湿过程中,随着土壤含水量的增加,裂隙面积率和当量宽度逐渐减小,但裂隙长度密度降幅较小。干湿交替条件下的裂隙形成和闭合过程不可逆,且干燥形成的土壤裂隙并不能通过增湿完全闭合。土壤有机质含量和容重差异影响了耕作层和犁底层裂隙开闭特征。在干燥过程中,耕作层土壤裂隙面积率、长度密度和当量宽度分别为16.1%,0.076 mm/mm2,2.13 mm,约为犁底层的1.63倍、1.09倍和1.54倍。而增湿结束后,犁底层裂隙闭合程度高于耕作层。耕作层和犁底层的裂隙面积闭合率为39.8%,61.6%,裂隙长度密度降幅为7.9%,20.0%,当量宽度降幅为35.7%,53.6%。为减少裂隙发育造成的稻田水肥渗漏,需合理控制土壤水分含量,特别应避免冬春季节长期干旱造成犁底层裂隙无法闭合的现象。
- Abstract:
- To study the developmental principle of soil cracks in the paddy field of Jianghan Plain during drying-wetting cycles, quantified results of soil crack parameters at plow layer and plow pan in typical paddy fields were obtained with the methods of simulated experiment and digital image analysis. The results showed that, during the drying process, the long and narrow cracks were formed during the initial stage of drying, while the area densities and equivalent widths of these cracks increased continuously in the further drying period; in the wetting process, the crack area density and equivalent crack width decreased gradually with the increase of soil water content, but the crack length density remained stable. The processes of soil crack forming and crack closing were irreversible during the drying-wetting cycles, and the formed cracks couldn't close completely after wetting process. The differences of soil organic matter content and bulk density were the dominant factors affecting the crack characterizations between plow layer and plow pan. During the drying process, the soil crack area density, length density and equivalent width of plow layer were 16.1%, 0.076 mm/mm2, and 2.13 mm, respectively, which were about 1.63 times, 1.09 times, and 1.54 times of those in the plow pan. Higher close rates of soil cracks were observed in the plow pan than those in the plow layer after the re-wetting process. The reduced rates of crack area, crack length density, and equivalent crack width of the plough pan(plow layer)were 61.6%(39.8%), 20.0%(7.9%), and 53.6%(35.7%), respectively. The reasonable soil water content should be maintained in the paddy fields for preventing soil crack formation, especially crack formation of plow pan during the drying seasons in winter and spring, as soil crack was a preferential way for water and fertilizer percolation.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-03-02 修回日期:2019-03-23 资助项目:国家自然科学基金(41601215,41771261); 湖北省自然科学基金(2016CFA027); 华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费(CCNU17TS0001,CCNU19TS005,CCNU18QN002) 第一作者:段赫(1994—),女,河南郑州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤水文。E-mail:641418197@qq.com 通信作者:张海林(1976—),男,湖北随州人,博士,副教授,主要从事土壤水文研究。E-mail:hailzhang@mail.ccnu.edu.cn