LUO Zhanfu,ZHU Lixiang,CHANG Fei,et al.Spatiotemporal Differences and Change Characteristics of Urban Water Supply Efficiency in China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,27(02):307-314,322.
中国城市供水效率时空差异及其变化特征
- Title:
- Spatiotemporal Differences and Change Characteristics of Urban Water Supply Efficiency in China
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2020)02-0307-08
- 关键词:
- 城市供水; 效率; DEA模型; Malmquist指数; 中国
- Keywords:
- urban water supply; efficiency; DEA model; Malmquist index; China
- 分类号:
- F299.4
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 城市供水效率不仅体现单纯的经济效益,而且关系到城市生产生活正常运行的社会效益,更关系到高质量发展与高品质生活的城市化质量。利用DEA模型和Malmquist生产率指数模型方法,定量测算了2006年、2010年与2016年中国290个地级及以上城市供水效率及其生产率变化。结果表明:(1)中国城市供水效率整体处于中等水平,城市供水规模效率高于纯技术效率,已成为城市供水综合效率的主要驱动力量。(2)中国城市间供水效率差异显著,存在高效率、中高、中等、中低与低效率等不同等级,且其效率水平随时间的推移而不断提高。(3)中国城市供水效率变化趋势向好,形成了双驱动上升型与双滞后下降型、综合效率驱动上升型与滞后下降型、技术变化驱动上升型与滞后下降型等差异显著的不同类型的供水效率变化城市。(4)中国城市供水效率及Malmquist生产率变化在三大地区基本呈现东部>中部>西部的区域差异特征,与我国区域经济发展格局基本一致,且东部地区的技术变化作用较中西部城市更为突出。(5)中国城市供水效率及Malmquist生产率变化在不同规模等级城市中呈现大城市>中等城市>小城市的等级差异特征,大城市的技术变化作用较中小城市突出。
- Abstract:
- With respect to the efficiency of urban water supply, it not only reflects the simple economic benefits, but also is related to the social benefits of the normal operation of urban production and life. In addition, it is also related to the quality of urbanization of the high-quality development and high-quality life. The water supply efficiency and productivity of 290 cities at prefecture level in China in 2006, 2010 and 2016 were quantitatively measured by DEA model and the Malmquist productivity index model. The results show that:(1)the overall efficiency of urban water supply in China is at a medium level, and the scale efficiency of urban water supply is higher than that of pure technical efficiency, which has become the main driving force of the comprehensive efficiency;(2)the efficiencies of urban water supply among cities in China have significant differences, and can be divided into five different types such as high efficiency, medium-high efficiency, medium efficiency, medium-low efficiency and low efficiency, for all that, their efficiency level is constantly improving at every stage;(3)the change trend of urban water supply efficiency in China is upward and the role of technological change is enhanced, different types of water supply efficiency change of cities, such as double-drive ascending type and double-lag descending type, comprehensive efficiency-driven ascending type and lag descending type, technical change-driven ascending type and lag descending type have formed;(4)the change levels of urban water supply efficiency and Malmquist productivity in deferent regions in China decrease in the order: east>center>west, which are basically consistent with the regional economic development patterns in our country; furthermore, the technological changes in the eastern region are more prominent than those in the central and western cities;(5)the change level of urban water supply efficiency and Malmquist productivity in cities of different scales in China present the hierarchical difference characteristics, and decrease in the order: large cities>medium cities>small cities, and the technological changes of large cities are more prominent than those of small and medium-sized cities.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-06-25 修回日期:2019-07-14 资助项目:国家自然科学基金(41771130,41361032) 第一作者:雒占福(1975—),男,甘肃通渭人,博士,副教授,主要从事城市发展与规划设计研究。E-mail:luozf200@163.com 通信作者:朱立祥(1993—),男,甘肃靖远人,硕士研究生,研究方向为城市发展与规划设计。E-mail:zhulxnwnu@163.com