SUN Congjian,HOU Huixin,CHEN Wei,et al.Research on Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield of Typical Crop Field in the Hilly-Gully Region of the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,27(02):99-103,111.
黄土丘陵沟壑区典型农作物产流产沙效应研究
- Title:
- Research on Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield of Typical Crop Field in the Hilly-Gully Region of the Loess Plateau
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2020)02-0099-05
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为了分析不同农作物的产流产沙特性,基于冯家沟水土保持监测站2014—2016年的自然降雨数据及5种不同农作物(红薯、谷子、玉米、大豆、土豆)覆盖下的产流产沙量观测数据,分析了15°黄土坡面不同类型降雨条件下不同农作物产流产沙量规律。结果表明:(1)不同场次降雨中,玉米措施产流量及土壤流失量较大,红薯措施与谷子措施较小,土豆措施与大豆措施产流量及土壤流失量差别不大。(2)不同农作物的小区产流产沙量均与最大30 min降雨强度I30及降雨量呈显著和极显著相关关系。(3)研究区侵蚀性降水根据降雨量、降雨历时及I30可分为3种类型:Ⅰ雨型(降雨量、历时、雨强适中)、Ⅱ雨型(历时较长、雨量大、雨强较小)、Ⅲ雨型(历时短、降雨量较小、雨强大)。(4)5种作物在不同雨型下产流产沙特性不同,在Ⅲ雨型(降雨强度大、历时短)条件下各作物措施产流量及土壤流失量最大,不同雨型条件下红薯产流量及土壤流失量最小。相比其他农作物,红薯是研究区坡耕地水土流失防治的优良农作物,玉米不适用于坡耕地水土流失防治中种植。
- Abstract:
- In order to assess the characteristics of soil and water conservation, the data of individual rainfall, runoff and sediment yield of five crop fileds(sweet potato, millet, corn, soybeans, potatoes )from 2014 to 2016 in Fengjiagou station were used, and runoff and sediment yields of the different crop fields with 15° slope gradient under different rainfall events were systematically analyzed. The results showed that:(1)under different rainfall events, the runoff and sediment yield of maize field was greater, those of sweet potato and millet dields were less, and those of potato and soybean showed are almost the same;(2)runoff and sediment yields in different crop fields were significantly or very significantly related with I30 and rainfall amount, and the coefficients were different;(3)erosive rainfall could be divided into 3 types based on the total rainfall amount, duration of rainfall and I30: rainfall type Ⅰ(the rainfall, duration and I30 are moderate), rainfall type Ⅱ(the rainfall is large, the duration is long and I30 is small), rainfall type Ⅲ(the rainfall is small, the duration is short, I30 is large);(4)characteristics of the runoff and sediment yield in 5 types of crop fields under different rainfall types were different, the yield of runoff and sediment was the greatest under with rainfall type Ⅲ, the yield of runoff and sediment of sweet potato field was the least under different rainfall patterns. In the study area, compared with other crops, sweet potato was better for soil erosion control and corn was not suitable for soil erosion control in the slope cultivated land.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-03-31 修回日期:2019-05-20 资助项目:山西省研究生教改项目(2018JG57,2019JG123); 山西师范大学教改项目(2018JGXM-08); 国家自然科学基金(41601317) 第一作者:孙从建(1986—),男,河北沧州人,副教授,博士(后),主要从事气候变化与水循环研究。E-mail:suncongjian@sina.com 通信作者:陈伟(1987—),女,辽宁铁岭人,副教授,博士研究生,主要从事土壤学研究。E-mail:wan_xin_chen@126.com