WANG Siyuan,NING Jianfeng,WANG Ronghui,et al.Clay Mineral and Biochar Mixture Coated Urea Preparation and Its Nitrogen Pollution Reduction Potential[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(05):151-157.
黏土矿物混合生物炭包膜尿素的制备及其氮素污染减排潜力
- Title:
- Clay Mineral and Biochar Mixture Coated Urea Preparation and Its Nitrogen Pollution Reduction Potential
- 分类号:
- S145.5
- 摘要:
- 为促进氮肥高效利用，实现氮素污染减排，选用膨润土和生物炭作为包膜材料，结合硝化抑制剂制备包膜尿素。设置包膜尿素淋溶模拟试验收集淋溶液，结合静态箱法收集N2O，通过分析NH4+-N，NO3--N淋失量和N2O排放通量对包膜尿素氮素污染减排潜力进行了评估。结果表明：（1）膨润混合土生物炭包膜尿素（F4）NH4+-N淋溶损失率最低，较纯化肥尿素（F1）NH4+-N淋溶损失率降低19.76%。（2）硝化抑制剂型膨润土生物炭包膜尿素（F5）NO3--N淋失率最低，较F1降低16.74%。（3）F5同时具有最优的N2O减排效果，N2O排放量较F1降低77.8%。F5氮素减排效果最优，其减排机制在于一方面硝化抑制剂可以从化学过程控制硝化和反硝化进程，延缓尿素酰胺态氮的水解和铵态氮的硝化，在降低NO3--N淋失的同时可以实现N2O减排。另一方面F5的包膜材料膨润土和生物炭可以通过吸附作用将更多的NH4+-N富集在土壤表层，从而显著降低NH4+-N淋失。综上所述，硝化抑制剂型膨润土生物炭包膜尿素氮素污染减排潜力最优，可使NH4+-N，NO3--N和N2O分别减排15.24%，16.74%和77.8%。
- Abstract:
- In order to promote high efficient utilization of fertilizer and reduce nitrogen pollutant emission, we used bentonite and biochar as coating materials and combined nitrification inhibitor to prepare coated urea. The coated urea leaching simulation experiments were conducted to collect leaching solution, and static box method were also used to collect N2O. Nitrogen reduction potential of coated urea was evaluated by analyzing NH4+-N, NO3--N leaching amount and N2O emission flux. The results showed that:(1) bentonite and biochar coated urea (F4) has the lowest NH4+-N leaching loss rate, the NH4+-N leaching amount of the coated urea decreased by 19.99% compared with chemical urea (F1); (2) nitrification inhibitor combined, bentonite and biochar coated urea (F5) demonstrated minimum NO3--N leaching loss rate, the leaching loss rate of NO3--N decreased by 16.74% compared with F1; (3) F5 also showed the minimum N2O emissions flux, N2O emission decreased by 77.8% compared with F1. Therefore, F5 has the effect of optimal nitrogen pollution reduction. The reason is that nitrification inhibitor can control nitrification and denitrification process through chemical process which can delay the hydrolysis of amide nitrogen and the nitrification of ammonium nitrogen, thus to minimize N2O emission significantly and reduce NO3--N leaching loss as well. In addition, the coating materials of bentonite and biochar in F5 have high adsorption on NH4+-N, which can concentrate more NH4+-N in the top soil, thus reduce NH4+-N leaching. In summary, urea combined with nitrification inhibitor and coated by bentonite and biochar has the best potential for nitrogen pollutant reduction, which can reduce NH4+-N, NO3--N and N2O by 15.24%, 16.74% and77.8%, respectively.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2018-10-17;改回日期:2018-11-30。
基金项目:广东省自然科学基金博士启动项目（2015A030310370）；广东省科技计划项目（2016A020210047,2014B020206001,2016A020209003）；广东省应用型科技研发专项资金项目（2016B020240009）,国家自然科学基金青年资助项目（41601224）
作者简介:王思源(1982-),女,陕西渭南人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事农田氮素污染减排研究。E-mail:wangsiyuan@zju.edu.cn
通讯作者:艾绍英(1968-),女,陕西米脂人,研究员,博士,主要从事面源污染监测与治理研究。E-mail:shaoyingai@21cn.com